1. Survey of Archaeological Resources
Ground, Air and Space

2. Historical Maps

3. Documents

4. Quadrangle Maps

5. Non Intrusive Methods Magnetometry Ground Penetrating Radar
Multispectral Satellite Imagery

6. Magnetometry

8. Ground
Penetrating
Radar

9. Multispectral Satellite Maps

10. Geographic Information Systems
Geographic information system (GIS), a computer program for storing, retrieving, analyzing, and visually displaying cartographic data (geographically related information)
ArcView
ArcInfo
Georeferenced, data is input to a GIS database using a common mapping reference – e.g. the U.T.M. grid – so that that all data can be spatially analyzed.
Geographic Information Systems

11. Geographic
Information
Systems

13. Historic
Documents

14. Pedestrian Survey

15. Looking Below the Ground
Shovel testing, a sample survey method used in regions where rapid soil buildup obscures buried archaeological remains: it entails digging shallow, systematic pits across the survey unit.

18. GIS:
Plot of Units

19. The Fallacy of the “Typical” Site
Which site do you excavate?
No matter which site you choose, you will miss a great deal; no site is typical of the entire settlement system.
The goal of archaeological survey is to document the range of archaeological remains across a landscape.

20. The Surveyor’s Toolkit
A GPS instrument
A two-way radio
A good but cheap watch
A good compass
A K+E field notebook
Pencils
Ziploc bags
The Surveyor’s Toolkit
A black Sharpie marker
A trowel (for test pits)
A metric tape measure
Graph paper (for site maps).
A small flashlight

21. Decide on the sample fraction
Decide on the sample fraction. What portion of the sample population will be included—1 percent of the sites? 5 percent, 10 percent, 50 percent?
How do you actually acquire the sample? Ideally, take all the sites in the sample universe, give each one a number, and randomly select a portion and examine those sites.
SAMPLES

22. Random sample, a sample drawn from a statistical population such that every member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. Sample fraction, the percentage of the sample universe that is surveyed. Areas with variability in archeological remains require larger sample fractions than do areas of low variability.

23. Sample units, survey units of a standard size and shape, determined by the research question and practical considerations, used to obtain the sample. UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator, a grid system in which north and east coordinates provide a location anywhere in the world, precise to one meter.

24. Stratified random sample, a survey universe divided into several sub-universes that are then sampled at potentially different sample fractions.

25. 41 – Texas, the 41th state listed alphabetically WL – Waller County
Smithsonian number, a unique catalog number given to sites; it consists of a number (the state’s position alphabetically), a letter abbreviation of the county, and the site’s sequential number within the county.
41WL28
41 – Texas, the 41th state listed alphabetically
WL – Waller County
28- the 28th site recorded in the county