1. Hearing loss conductive hearing loss sensorineural hearing loss
mixed hearing loss

2. Bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA)

3. Middle ear transducer

4. Envoy ESTEEM: piezoelectric

5. MED-EL: electromagnetic
Vibration Ossicular Prosthesis (VOPR)

6. Otologics: electromechanical

8. Cochlea implant
Volta (1790): metal rods in his own ears with 50-volt circuit > “like a thick boiling soup” noise
Djourno & Eyriès (1950s): the 1st direct stimulation of CN8 > “a roulette wheel” or “a cricket” sound
House (1969): the 1st wearable implant > a single electrode designed to aid lip-reading
Clark (1978): the 1st Australian multi-channel cochlear implant
U.S. FDA approval for adult (1984) > 2 years (1990) > 18 months (1998) > 12 months (2002)
Totally implantable cochlear implant (TIKI, 2005)

9. Basic Scheme

10. Advanced Bionics, US

11. Cochlear Ltd, Australia

12. MED-EL, Austria

13. Neurelec, France

14. New and future directions
Bilateral implantation
the ability to listen using the ear with the better signal-to-noise-ratio
Sound localisation
Binaural advantage of using the signal from both ears
Hybrid electro-acoustic stimulation
Totally Implantable Cochlear Implant (TIKI)

15. Take home message
Types of hearing loss and aids