1. The Impact of Indoor Traffic on the Performance of WCDMA HSDPA Within Macro Cells
Author: Mathias Nyman
Supervisor: Prof. Sven-Gustav Häggman
Instructor: Kimmo Hiltunen, Lic.Sc.(Tech.)

2. Contents 1. Background, Research Objectives and Methods
2. Basics of HSDPA
3. Simulated Environment and HSDPA Parameters
4. Simulations and Results
5. Conclusions

3. Background and Objectives
HSDPA starting to appear in 3G networks
Coverage is a crucial factor for success – macro cell coverage in the first place
Fraction of indoor packet data users is estimated to be 70% in the future  building penetration loss
The aim of this thesis is to study how the network performance is affected by the indoor traffic
Research methods: Litterature study (HSDPA and propagation models) and computer simulations

4. Contents 1. Background, Research Objectives and Methods
2. Basics of HSDPA
3. Simulated Environment and HSDPA Parameters
4. Simulations and Results
5. Conclusions

5. Channelization codes allocated for HS-DSCH transmission
Basics of HSDPA
Shared Channel Transmission
New HS-DSCH Transport Channel
Dynamically shared power and code resource
Channelization codes allocated for HS-DSCH transmission
8 codes (example)
SF=16
SF=8
SF=4
SF=2
SF=1
TTI
Shared channelization codes

6. Basics of HSDPA Shared Channel Transmission
New HS-DSCH Transport Channel
Dynamically shared power and code resource
HS-DSCH
Common channels (not power controlled)
Dedicated channels (power controlled)
Total available cell power

7. Basics of HSDPA Shared Channel Transmission
New HS-DSCH Transport Channel
Dynamically shared code resource
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Data rate adapted to radio conditions
2 ms time basis

8. Basics of HSDPA Shared Channel Transmission
New HS-DSCH Transport Channel
Dynamically shared code resource
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Data rate adapted to radio conditions
2 ms time basis
Fast Scheduler
2 ms time basis
Round Robin, Proportional Fair or Max-C/I
Hybrid ARQ
Soft combination of multiple attempts

9. Contents 1. Background, Research Objectives and Methods
2. Basics of HSDPA
3. Simulated Environment and HSDPA Parameters
4. Simulations and Results
5. Conclusions

10. Simulated Environment
Seven 3-sector sites, wrap-around
Both outdoor and indoor users
COST-WI propagation model
Shadow fading std: 10 dB
Multipath channel: 3GPP Typical Urban
Position dependent building penetration loss
Only HSDPA traffic

11. HSDPA Parameters Modulation: QPSK / 16QAM HS-PDSCH codes: 10
Scheduling Policy: Proportional Fair
GRAKE Receiver
Traffic type: Interactive, 200kB data packets

12. Contents 1. Background, Research Objectives and Methods
2. Basics of HSDPA
3. Simulated Environment and HSDPA Parameters
4. Simulations and Results
5. Conclusions

13. Impact of Indoor Users
Building penetration causes the A-DCH power to be increased
HS-power is also attenuatedlower CIR
Increased transmission delay
HS-DSCH
Common channels (not power controlled)
Dedicated channels (power controlled)
Total available cell power

14. Power distribution (non-HS channels)
Very little power reserved for the non-HS channels when most of the users are located outdoors
As the fraction of indoor users increase, more power is used by the non-HS channels.

15. Active A-DCHs per cell
As the fraction of indoor users increase, there will be more simultaneous active links per cell
Note that the number of available A-DCHs is 84 in these simulations

16. Network performance for different fractions of indoor users
The network performance is clearly decreasing as the fraction of indoor users increase.

17. Floor height gain
The performance is worse for the ground floor users (dashed lines) due to the floor height gain.
Ground floor users are exposed to ~14.5 dB more path loss than the top floor (6th floor) users.

18. Indoor margin
The system performance is presented for different path loss values when all users are located outdoors
An additional path loss of 19 dB corresponds to the performance of the case with an indoor user fraction of 75%.
Appropriate ”indoor margins” can be taken into account if the amount of indoor users can be estimated.

19. Contents 1. Background, Research Objectives and Methods
2. Basics of HSDPA
3. Simulated Environment and HSDPA Parameters
4. Simulations and Results
5. Conclusions

20. Conclusions
Larger fraction of indoor users  decreased network performance
Estimation of the indoor usage will help when designing the network (indoor margin).
A cost-effective macro cellular solution will be suitable in the initial phase, dedicated indoor systems etc. will be required later
Further study: Real network measurements including other traffic than HSDPA, follow-up on HSDPA usage (share of total traffic, amount of indoor usage, etc.)