1. 9.6 Life Span Changes and Muscular Disorders
Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on p. 81 Topic: 9.6 Life Span changes and Muscular Disorders Essential Question: None. Text: Green boxes in chapter
9.6 Life Span Changes and Muscular Disorders
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
PAGE 81 IS NOT A MISTAKE *

2. Life-Span Changes
Signs of aging of the muscular system begin to appear in the 40s, although a person can still be very active
Molecules that enable muscle function decline
Muscle fibers may shrink
Muscle layers in veins thicken making vessels more rigid and less elastic
Muscles become smaller, drier, less elastic *

3. Life-Span Changes
By age 80, nearly half muscle mass has atrophied (wasted away) due to decline in neuron activity
Slows reflexes
Diminishes strength *

4. Life-Span Changes Exercise can help maintain a healthy muscular system
Maintains flexibility of blood vessels
Should include strength training and aerobics *

5. Tendinitis
Tendinitis: is when the tendon becomes painfully inflamed and swollen Symptoms- pain in tendon Causes- Injury or repeated stress of athletic activity Treatments- pain relievers, physical therapy, possible surgery Most commonly found in the joint of the shoulder, elbow, hip, knees, wrist, hand, thigh and foot

6. The Basic Science of Tendons & Tendinitis 3m34s

7. Compartment Syndrome
A compartments is the space that contains a particular group of muscles, blood vessels and nerves all tightly enclosed by fascia.
Compartment Syndrome: fluid, such as blood, accumulates within the compartment increasing the pressure and interfering with blood flow
Symptoms- Severe, unrelenting pain
Causes- Injury
Treatments- may require immediate surgery by incision to relieve the pressure and restore circulation

8. Compartment Syndrome: Jeff’s Story 2m34s

9. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness Symptoms- muscle weakness trouble walking, frequent falling, learning difficulties and eventually heart and lung issues Causes- Genetic inherited recessive disorder Mutated X chromosome that causes an absence of a muscle protein called dystrophin Treatments- No cure. Treatment aims to control symptoms and improve quality of life. Mostly medicine.

10. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 5m30s

11. Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis aka Polio: Infection that attacks nerve cells that stimulate skeletal muscles to contract Symptoms- Fever, headache, nausea, stiffened back/neck, drowsiness, and possible paralysis Causes- Virus (poliomyelitis) Treatments- No cure. But vaccinations are available.

12. The Polio Story- The Vaccine that changed the world 5m-6m30

13. Botulism
Botulism: Illness causes by a toxin that prevents the release of ACh from nerve terminals if ingested. Symptoms- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, double vision, weakness, difficulty swallowing and, eventually breathing. Causes- Food poisoning by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum Treatments- Doctors administer an antitoxin that binds to the toxin in the bloodstream stemming further symptoms

14. Infant Botulism

15. Botulism
Fun Fact:
Small amounts of botulinum toxin are used to treat migraines
Also will temporarily paralyze selected facial muscles, smoothing wrinkles  BOTOX

16. Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis: a neuromuscular disease where muscles do not receive the signal to contract- and are weakened Symptoms- muscle weakness (many times in the eyes, face, and muscles involved in chewing/talking/swallowing) Causes- ACh receptors are too few or blocked Treatments- Medicine  Pyridostigmine bromide inhibits the enzyme AChsterase keeping the neurotransmitter ACh around longer

17. Clinical Application 9.1 P.292
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18. Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s Disease: a disorder where certain brain cells degenerate and damage nerve cells that control muscles Symptoms- Usually begins with a hand tremor but may lead to a face that has little to no expression, arms may not swing when you walk, speech may become slurred Causes- deterioration of neurons in the substantia nigra (part in the brain) which produces dopamine Treatments- No cure. Medicine is used to improve symptoms

19. The Drs: How Parkinson’s Affects the Body

20. Myositis ossificans
Myositis ossificans: the formation of bone tissue inside muscle tissue Symptoms- Pain, tenderness, swelling, or a hard bony lump in area of injury Causes- usually occurs due to a traumatic injury in which muscle is compressed against an underlying bone so new bone begins to develop in the damaged muscle Treatments- Surgery to remove the newly formed bone

21. Rigor Mortis
Rigor mortis: Condition that occurs after death causing the skeletal muscles to partially contract
Symptoms- Joints become “fixed” or contracted
Caused by chemical changes in the muscles after death due to cellular respiration ceasing.
Basically molecules that allow muscles to contract are still present, but molecules that relax muscles are no longer available (ATP)
Usually continues for 72 hours or more