1. St. Augustine’s Hispanic heritage Special thank you to Dr
St. Augustine’s Hispanic heritage Special thank you to Dr. John Cusick and the florida Humanitities council for allowing the use of this power point
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4. Town and Country

5. St. Augustine started as a small settlement of just a few hundred people in the 1560s and 1570s. Most Spanish colonists lived further north in modern day South Carolina, where Menendez had established his capital of Santa Elena. After Santa Elena was abandoned in 1587, the population of St. Augustine began to grow, eventually reaching about 2000 people. St. Augustine was a garrison town or presidio. Men had jobs tied to government, the military, and the sea.

6. Miguél de Escudón was a Basque carpenter and sawyer from Vizcaya
Miguél de Escudón was a Basque carpenter and sawyer from Vizcaya. He had joined the Royal Armada in Spain, but deserted. As punishment, he was sent to St. Augustine in 1573 to serve 3 years in the military. Since the town’s population was predominantly male, most of the households were made up of groups of soldiers. 
Juan Cevadilla married into one the elite governing Spanish families of St. Augustine, and was given the lucrative post of situador. The situador was responsible for going to Mexico City each year, collecting the money of the Spanish crown subsidy for St. Augustine, and buying goods from the money for shipment to St. Augustine,

7. In the country, away from town, life followed indigenous patterns—with a change in religion and also the addition of taxes, especially labor taxes
Indigenous people made up 90 percent of the colonial population in the 1500s and 1600s
There were between 20,000 and 30,000 Christianized Native Americans

10. Women in St. Augustine
Francisca de Vera’s soldier husband died in St. Augustine sometime before She supported herself doing laundry and by opening her home as a boardinghouse, renting space to five soldiers. 
Teresa, an native woman, married Francisco Camacho, who came to Florida in the 1560's from San Lúcar de Barrameda, near Cádiz. He was a soldier in the regiment, and also a fisherman. Fewer than half of the Spanish men in St. Augustine were married, and fewer than half of those had a Spanish wife.

11. Catalina de Orellana was married to Francisco de la Rua, a peninsulare, who was a Captain in St. Augustine's infantry. Catalina, a wealthy criolla from Havana, however, she refused to live in St. Augustine with him. On his deathbed in 1659, he wrote that "against my wishes she remains in the city of Havana and despite the many entreaties I have made to her, she has not wished to come to this presidio to live a married life" 
Isavel de Los Rios was a free mulatta who baked rosquetes, spiral-shaped cakes. She sold these cakes, as well as honey, door to door throughout the town, and from her home. She was an independent entrepreuer in an age when such a status was difficult for any woman, let alone a black woman.

12. The Working Class
Spanish officials constantly sought corn—and later livestock—from the Timucua and Apalachee peoples across Florida and also drafted men to come into St. Augustine to work on public projects.
The forts of St. Augustine, including the Castillo were built by a combination of local labor, paid (but impressed) native labor, and African slaves
From The Building of Castillo de San Marcos by Luis Rafael Arana and Albert Manucy. Eastern National Park & Monument Association, 1977

14. The town itself also grew from a small section of gridded blocks south of today’s plaza . . .

15. . . . Until by the mid-1700s it looked like the larger colonial town that is still preserved as St. Augustine’s historic district.

16. Education came through church-run schools, military training, or apprenticeships. Hospitals were usually run by church or the military. Fraternal orders and other religious-based organizations provided charity or basic types of insurance for families suffering a loss or death.

17. Major changes in the 1700s
Destruction of most of the missions—Arrival of runaway slaves and creation of Fort Mose (1738)—Increasing conflict with the English colonies—Finally, loss of Florida to the British (1763)

18. Defending St. Augustine
St. Augustine was always defended by a fort. There were at least nine forts before the building of the Castillo de San Marcos.

19. The Castillo was a major public works—funded by the Crown—that turned St. Augustine into a wage society and also provided the skills, tools, and labor to quarry and build with coquina stone.

20. By 1750, the fort was built higher, with a thick tabby concrete gun deck supported by vaults, and two draw bridges over a dry moat.

21. The Castillo successfully protected St. Augustine three times:
1702—residents fled into the fort when the English forces of James Moore from South Carolina occupied town
1740—the forces of James Oglethorpe from Georgia were unable to capture the fort
1812—a small contingent of American troops occupying Florida was also unable to capture it.