1. Desktop Virtualization
Chapter 3
Desktop Virtualization
McGraw-Hill

2. Learning Objectives
Explain the evolution of desktop virtualiza- tion and understand the common features of today’s desktop virtualization products
Select and implement a desktop virtualiza- tion option on a Windows Vista or Windows 7 desktop
Describe desktop virtualization options for a Mac OS X desktop

3. Virtualization Overview
Ubiquity of Virtualization
Virtualization
Virtual world
Storage virtualization
Network virtualization
Server virtualization
Desktop virtualization
Virtual machine
Application virtualization

4. Figure 3-1 VMware's Virtual Pavilion showing Jane’s avatar (JazzyYoda) walking into an exhibitor’s virtual booth.

5. Virtualization Overview
Your (Great?) Grandfather’s Virtual Machine
Dumb terminal
Terminal services
Terminal client

6. A 1970s-era computer terminal
Source: Chilton Computing/Atlas Computing Division/Rutherford Library.

7. Virtualization Overview
Today’s Virtual Desktops
Server-based virtual desktop
Thin client connects to a server
Client works in the server-hosted environment
Most of processing done at server
Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI)
Discussion Point:
In some ways, a thin client seems to be just a newer version of a dumb terminal. However, there is a significant difference—local processing capability. A dumb terminal had no native processing power, while a thin client is a PC, which by definition has local processing power.

8. Virtualization Overview
Today’s Virtual Desktops (cont.)
Desktop-based Desktops
Virtual desktop on local computer
User can switch between host OS and guest OS
Processing done locally
Discussion Point:
In some ways, a thin client seems to be just a newer version of a dumb terminal. However, there is a significant difference—local processing capability. A dumb terminal had no native processing power, while a thin client is a PC, which by definition has local processing power.

9. Virtualization Overview
Hypervisor/Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)
Type I
Bare-metal hypervisor
Runs directly on a computer without a host OS
First appeared on servers
Type II
Requires a host OS

10. Figure 3-2 A Windows 7 virtual machine running in OS X on an Apple computer

11. Virtualization Overview
Tasks for creating a virtual machine
Prepare the computer
Install the hypervisor
Install a virtual machine
Install the guest OS
Install guest utilities and secure guest OS
Locate and practice with host key

12. Figure 3-3 Installing a hypervisor

13. Virtualization Overview
Major Hypervisor Sources
Citrix
VMware
Parallels
Microsoft
Oracle

14. Desktop VMs on Windows Desktops
Microsoft Virtual PC 2007
Requirements
Host OS
Windows Vista Business, Enterprise, Ultimate
Windows Server 2003, Standard 32-bit and 64-bit
Windows XP Professional 32-bit and 64-bit
Windows XP Tablet PC
A Windows XP host must have Service Pack 3

15. Desktop VMs on Windows Desktops
Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 (cont.)
Recommended
Host Hardware
X64 or x86-based computer with 1 GHz processor with L2 cache
Processor: AMD Athlon or Duron, Intel Celeron, Intel Pentium II, Intel Pentium III, Intel Pentium 4, Intel Core Duo, or Intel Core2 Duo
The processor models are out-dated, and should only be seen as minimums.

16. Step-by-Step 3.01 Desktop VMs on Windows Desktops
Installing Microsoft Virtual PC 2007

17. Desktop VMs on Windows Desktops
Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 (cont.)
Creating a Virtual Machine in Virtual PC
Start Virtual PC 2007 from Start | All Programs
New Virtual Machine Wizard
Create a customized VM
Create a VM with the defaults for the client
Add a pre-existing VM
Start VM with distribution disc in drive

18. Figure 3-4 Select the correct option

19. Figure 3-5 Enter a name for the virtual machine

20. Figure 3-6 Select from the list of supported OSs

21. Figure 3-7 Select from the list of supported OSs

22. Desktop VMs on Windows Desktops
Windows XP Mode and Windows Virtual PC
Windows XP Mode for Windows 7
Windows Virtual PC with Windows XP preinstalled
Use to run legacy applications

23. Desktop VMs on Windows Desktops
Windows Virtual PC for Windows 7
Guest OSs
Windows Vista
Windows 2000
Linux
Requires hardware-assisted virtualization
Use the Hardware-Assisted Virtualization Detection Tool
Point out that Microsoft recommends Windows XP Mode and Windows Virtual PC for small and midsize business. For larger businesses, MS recommends the Microsoft Enterprise Desktop Virtualization (MED-V), server-based desktop virtualization.

24. The Virtual PC download page

25. Figure 3-8 This computer cannot run Windows Virtual PC

26. Desktop VMs on Windows Desktops
VMware Player
VMware has produced VM software for 10 years+
VMware Player is a desktop hypervisor
Available as a free trial
Three versions
32-bit/64-bit for Windows hosts
32-bit for Linux hosts
64-bit for Linux hosts
Point out that a “free trial” is a limit-time trial, and that the software will not work after the trial period (often 30 days) unless the user pays a fee.

27. Figure 3-9 Download the trial version of VMware to test it before deciding to buy it

28. Desktop VMs on Windows Desktops
Oracle VirtualBox
Host OSs
Windows
Linux
Mac OS X
Client OSs
DOS
Does not require virtualization hardware

29. Desktop VMs on Mac OS X Apple Boot Camp
Not really a virtualization option
Multi-boot between Mac OSX and Windows
Requirements
Intel-based Mac
Mac OS X 10.6 or later strongly recommended
Keyboard and point device
Built-in optical disk drive or compatible external drive
Mac OS X installation disc

30. Desktop VMs on Mac OS X Apple Boot Camp (cont.) Requirements
Intel-based Mac
Mac OS X 10.6 or later strongly recommended
Keyboard and point device
Built-in optical disk drive or compatible external drive
Mac OS X installation disc
Client OSs
Windows XP Home or Professional Edition with SP 2
Windows Vista or Windows 7 Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate

31. Desktop VMs on Mac OS X Apple Boot Camp (cont.)
Boot Camp comes with Mac OS X
Run Boot Camp Assistant
From Applications | Utilities folder
Creates a new partition for the Windows OS
Suggest that students print the Installation and Setup Guide the first time they run Boot Camp Assistant. They can choose to print it to a PDF.
Also, point out that Boot Camp Assistant takes the existing single partition and repartitions it into two partitions.

32. Figure 3-10 Print the Installation and Setup Guide before proceeding

33. Figure 3-11 Partitioning the hard drive

34. The Boot Camp partition appears with other drives under Devices in the Finder

35. Desktop VMs on Mac OS X Oracle Virtual Box Guests
Windows
Linux
DOS
Hardware virtualization not required
Download disk image file
Install VirtualBox from the disk image
Suggest that students print the Installation and Setup Guide the first time they run Boot Camp Assistant. They can choose to print it to a PDF.
Also, point out that Boot Camp Assistant takes the existing single partition and repartitions it into two partitions.

36. Figure 3-12 Downloading VirtualBox

37. Step-by-Step 3.02 Installing Oracle VirtualBox
In this exercise students will install VirtualBox from the disk image they downloaded in the Try This! on page 95. Then they will configure a virtual machine for Windows 7. You may want to hold off on having them install the OS until Step-by-Step 6.02 in Chapter 6.

38. Desktop VMs on Mac OS X Oracle Virtual Box (Continued)
Install Guest Additions after installing OS
Improves client OS appearance
Enables improved drivers for other hardware
Explain that all hypervisors have software for added support for popular guest OSs, and that they should always install this software after installing the guest OS. Reminders will display in the guest OS.

39. Figure 3-13 Install the VirtualBox Guest Additions after installing the guest OS

40. Figure 3-14 VirtualBox with several virtual machines

41. Chapter 3 Summary LO 3.1 Virtualization
There are many types of virtualization today, such as virtual worlds, storage virtualization, network virtualization, server virtualization, and desktop virtualization—the subject of this chapter.

42. Chapter 3 Summary
Virtualization had its roots in the dumb terminal mainframe systems of the 1960s and the terminal service-terminal client systems of the 1990s
Today’s virtual desktops can be hosted on network servers or on PCs.
A hypervisor, or virtual machine monitor (VMM), is the software that emulates the necessary hardware on which an operating system runs.

43. Chapter 3 Summary
A Type I hypervisor (a “bare-metal hypervisor”) runs directly on a computer without an underlying host operating system.
A Type II hypervisor requires a host operating system.
The major sources of hypervisors are Citrix, VMware, Parallels, Microsoft, and Oracle.

44. Chapter 3 Summary LO 3.2 Desktop VMs on Windows Desktops
There are both commercial and free Type II hypervisors for running Linux, DOS, or Windows on a Windows desktop computer.
Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 is free and will run on any computer running Windows XP or newer versions of Windows, and it supports Windows, Linux, and DOS guests without requiring hardware-assisted virtualization.

45. Chapter 3 Summary
Windows XP Mode is a free hypervisor that installs on a Windows 7 host with a Windows XP guest preinstalled. It does not require hardware-assisted virtualization.
The free Windows Virtual PC requires both Windows 7 and hardware-assisted virtualization. Use the Hardware-Assisted Virtualization Detection Tool to test your computer before you download one of these solutions.

46. Chapter 3 Summary
VMware has several commercial hypervisor products. Download and install the trial version of VMware player to temporarily test this product before buying it.
Oracle VirtualBox is free and runs on several hosts including versions of Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. It will run on hardware that does not support virtualization.

47. Chapter 3 Summary LO 3.2 Desktop VMs on Mac OS X
You have several choices for hypervisors for Mac OS X that will run versions of Windows and Linux.
Apple Boot Camp is not actually a hypervisor so much as a dual boot option that allows you to dual-boot between Mac OS X and Windows. This gives each OS full use of the hardware, but only one can be loaded at a time.

48. Chapter 3 Summary
Oracle VirtualBox is a free hypervisor and will run versions of Windows, Linux, and DOS on hardware that does not support virtualization.
Parallels is a commercial hypervisor product for Apple and other hosts, mentioned, but not detailed in this chapter.