1. General review of english verb tenses.

2. present simple uses Time expressions examples . 1. Habits and routines
Frequency adverbs (always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely/hardly ever/seldom, never)
and expressions (once a week, twice a month, three times a year, every day, in the morning, at night, in Winter…)
We SOMETIMES SHOP ONLINE
AT THE WEEKEND, THEY DON’T USUALLY USE THEIR CAR
How often does mr. Sullivan read the newspaper?
Do Pam and John go swimming in the morning? .

3. Present tenses: Present simple
Examples:
uses
2. General /universal truths /zero conditional
The earth revolves around the sun
Does Water boil at 100 ºC?
If you mix blue and yellow, you get Green
In andalusia it doesn’t usually rain in summer .

4. PRESENT TENSES: PRESENT SIMPLE
USES
TIME EXPRESSIONS
EXAMPLES
3. TIMETABLES
4. Future time clauses(TRANSLATED AS presente de subjuntivo in spanish)
AT 3 PM, FROM 6 TO 8, EVERY 5 MINUTES ETC.
When, as soon as, before, after, by the time, once
SCHOOL IS FROM 8.30 AM TO 3 PM
A BUS LEAVES FROM THIS STOP EVERY 15 MINUTES
The concert begins at 10
You will feel better as soon as you make some friends.
By the time we arrive at the station , the bus will have left.
You must always Kiss me before you go to bed. .

5. Present tenses: present simple
uses
examples
Exceptions:
5. Stative verbs:
Feelings: love, want, wish, need, miss, feel…
Likes: like, hate, dislike, enjoy…
Possession: have, own, belong to, possess…
Characteristics: be, seem ,taste, smell, look, weigh…
Thoughts, knowledge and opinions: think, know, understand, believe…
(see complete list on )
She needs to find a new job.
We don’t enjoy Mondays
This manor house belongs to my family.
That cake smells delicious!
How much does your schoolbag weigh?
Sandra looks gorgeous in that red dress!
When these verbs express action rather than state, they are NOT STATIVE AND CAN USE THE CONTINUOUS FORM:
I’m smelling the food because it smells weird.
He’s weighing his suitcase to check it doesn’t weigh too much.
FEEL CAN OFTEN BE USED IN CONTINuOUS FORM WITHOUT A CHANGE IN MEANING:
How do you feel today (=how are you feeling today?) .

6. Present tenses: present continuous
uses
Time expressions
examples
Current actions (estoy/estás /está...+ gerundio)
(Exception: stative verbs)
Future arrangements /plan (Voy/Vas/VA….a + infinitivo)
3. Complaints about a repetitive action
(right) now, at the moment, today, tonight, this week, this morning, this month, this year…
Today , this afternoon, this evening , tonight, tomorrow, next week, next month, next Friday…
3. always
Why are you looking at me?
He’s behaving very well tonight
We aren’t doing anything important at the moment
My teacher is meeting with my dad tomorrow
We’re flying to thailand next Friday
…………………………………...
SARAH IS ALWAYS SHOUTING. WHY CAN’T SHE SPEAK LIKE A NORMAL PERSON? .

7. PRACTICE
EXERCISE 1
EXERCISE 2
SONG: DON'T SPEAK

8. PAST TENSES: PAST SIMPLE
form
Uses and time expressions
FiNISHED PAST ACTIONS:
I met my future wife. last summer.
We didn’t like the film yesterday
Where did you live two years ago?
(Other expressions)
The day before yesterday,
When I was born,
in 1987, DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR…
(+) regular verbs: -ed/-ied
Irregular verbs: 2nd column
The Little boy cried when he fell off his bike
(-) DIDN’T + BASE FORM
THE LITTLE BOY DIDN’T CRY / DIDN’T FALL OFF HIS BIKE
(?) DID + SUBJECT+ BASE FORM?
WHY DID THE BOY CRY ?
HOW Did THE boy fall off his bike?

9. PAST TENSES: PAST CONTINUOUS
USES
FORM: WAS /WERE + ING
(+) i /HE WAS WATERING THE PLANTS
They were watching the match
(-) I /he wasn’t feeding the dog
They weren’t studying
(?) Who were you talking to when I saw you yesterday?
Where was he going at 9 last night?
1. actions in progress (unfinished) at a specific time in the past (at 9 last night,, at 7am this morning…)
I wasn’t watching tv at 9 last night so I didn’t see the news of the accident
2. Two OR MORE simultaneous actions in progress AT A SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST
While tom was cleaning the toilet, his sister was washing up.
3. ACTION IN PROGRESS (PAST CONTINUOUS) WHEN ANOTHER ACTION HAPPENED (PAST SIMPLE)
While i was Reading, I fell asleep
When I saw him, he was crying

10. Present perfect simple
Time expressions
form
uses
already, yet, still ,just, ever, never, recently, lately, so far
They’ve already seen this film but we haven’t seen it yet.
(Ellos ya han visto esta película pero nosotros no la hemos visto todavía)
I’ve just fallen in love
(Me acabo de enamorar)
Have you ever fallen in love before?
(¿Te has enamorado alguna vez antes?)
You are the most gorgeous girl I’ve ever seen
(eres la chica más guapa que he visto en mi vida/nunca) .
(+) sub + have/has + p.p (-ed/3rd column)
I’ve lived /been here before
(-) subj+ have/has not + p.p
They haven’t finished /come yet
(?) have /has + subj+ p.p
How long has He lived /been here?
Action that happened at an unspecified time of the past. (the action itself is more relevant than when it happened)
In spanish we translate it as Pretérito perfecto compuesto in most cases

11. PRESENT PERFECt SIMPLE
TIME EXPRESSIONS
USES
2. Action that STARTED in the past and CONTINUES at present (in spanish we translate it as presente simple)
noTICE:
Rafa nadal plays tennis (juega) – Present simple
Rafa nadal has played tennis since he was a child (juega desde que era niño) –present perfect
Rafa nadal played a wonderful roland garros final last year. –past simple
How long? (¿Desde cuándo/Cuánto hace que…?)
How long have you known your best friend?
For (desde hace…) + 2 months/1 hour/a long time/20 years…
We’ve known each other for 12 years
Since (desde /desde que) +1996/I got married/they fell in love…
We’ve known each other since we first met in primary school.

12. Translate into english
El curso acaba de empezar y todavía no he comprado mis libros.
The school year has just begun/started and I haven’t bought my books yet.
Anoche me descargué una película y acabo de darme cuenta de que ya la he visto antes.
Last night I downloaded a film and I’ve just realised (that) I’ve already seen it before.
No dejo de pensar en Paul desde que hablé con él por primera vez. Es el chico más interesante que he conocido en mi vida.
I haven’t stopped thinking about paul since I first talked/spoke to him. He is the most interesting boy/guy I’ve ever met.
¿has amado alguna vez de verdad a una mujer?
Have you ever really loved a woman?
Estudio inglés desde hace años pero no he tenido aún la oportunidad de practicarlo.
I’ve studied English for years but i still haven’t had a real chance to practise it.

13. practice Exercise 1: Past simple or Past continous?
Exercise 2: Past simple or present perfect?
SONG: Have you ever really loved a woman? - by Brian Adams
Present Perfect in films and TV series

14. Present perfect continuous
FORM : HAVE/HAS + BEEN +-ING
uses
(+) they’ve been studying all day
(Han estado estudiando todo el día/llevan estudiando todo el día)
(-) She hasn’t been sleeping. (Ella no ha estado durmiendo)
(?) How long have you been waiting for me? (¿Cuánto tiempo lleváis esperándome/habéis estado esperándome?
1. Action that started in the past and continues at present (=present perfect simple). Emphasis on duration.
We’ve been working in this Company for 20 years (=We’ve worked in this Company for 20 years)
2. Action that has just finished and whose results /consequences can easily be seen
-You look exhausted!
-That’s because I’ve been working non-stop all day !

15. Present perfecT simple VS. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
In many cases they are interchangeable:
I’Ve worked /I’ve been working here since 1980.
We’ve learnt english /we’ve been learning english since we were 6 .
DIFFERENCES:
1. Stative verbs  present perfect simple
We’ve known each other for more than 10 years.
(Nos conocemos desde hace más de 10 años)
They’ve had the same maths teacher since they started their secondary studies
(Tienen el mismo profesor de matemáticas desde que empezaron sus estudios de secundaria)
How long has Susan liked your brother?
(¿Desde cuándo le gusta a susan tu hermano?

16. Present perfecT simple VS. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
2. Non-stative verbs and emphasis on duration present perfect continuous
She’s been crying for hours!!!!
(¡¡¡Lleva llorando horas!!!)
Your boss has been phoning you all morning. I think you should call him back.
(Tu jefe lleva llamándote toda la mañana. Creo que deberías devolverle la mañana)
It’s exam week. He’s been studying non-stop since Monday!
(Es la semana de exámenes. ¡Lleva estudiando sin parar desde el lunes!)
3. Emphasis on completion or quantity present perfect simple
I ’ve visited 5 european countries.
(He visitado 5 países europeos)
They’ve learnt 200 new words in Chinese
(han aprendido 200 palabras nuevas en chino)
My uncle has got married 3 times.
(mi tío se ha casado 3 veces)

17. Practice
Exercise 1: Present perfect simple or Present perfect continuous
Exercise 2: Present perfect simple or Present perfect continuous
LISTENING

18. PAST PERFECT simple FORM:HAD (‘D) +P.P. USES and time expressions
Past Action that happened before another past action (the past of the past)
By the time / when I arrived at school this morning, the first lesson had already started.
(Para cuando llegué al instituto esta mañana, la primera clase ya había empezado)
After they’d sent an invitation to all their friends and relatives, they decided to cancel their wedding.
(Después de haber enviado una invitación a todos sus amigos y parientes, decidieron cancelar su boda)
Other time expressions: the day /the week/the night /two days …before,
already/yet/ just/ever/ how long? /for /since…
(+) we had already seen the film before (Ya habíamos visto la película antes) (-) The party hadn’t started yet when I arrived. (La fiesta no había empezado aún cuando llegué) (?) Had it rained the night before? (¿había llovido la noche anterior?)

19. PRACTICE
Present Perfect, Past Simple and Past Perfect
Past Simple or Past Perfect
Present Perfect or Past Perfect

20. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
FORM:
HAD (‘d) been+ -ing
USES: (THE PAST OF PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
(+) She HAD BEEN WORKING (Llevaba trabajando/había estado trabajando)
(-) We HADN’T BEEN STUDYING (no llevábamos estudiando/no habíamos estado estudiandO)
(?) HAD They BEEN GOING OUT…? (¿Llevaban saliendo…? /¿Habían estado saliendo…?
NOTICE:
1. Present perfect continuous:
She’s been teaching Spanish for 20 years
(Ella lleva enseñando español 20 años)
Past perfect continuous:
When I met her, she had been teaching spanish for 20 years
(Cuando la conocí, ella llevaba enseñando español 20 años)
2. Present perfect continuous
It has been raining
(ha estado lloviendo)
Past perfect continuous
The streets were wet because It had been raining a few hours before
(las calles estaban mojadas porque había estado lloviendo unas horas antes

21. PRACTICE
PAST SIMPLE or PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

22. REWRITE THESE SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING
REWRITE THESE SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. USE THE WORDS IN BRACKETS AND MAKE CHANGES WHEN NECESSARY. Example : I gave up smoking in (SINCE) – I gave up smoking two years ago. (FOR) I haven’t smoked SINCE I haven’t smoked FOR two years.
Lisa moved to San Francisco in She still lives there. (LIVING)
Lisa has been living in San Francisco since 1999.
My parents have been married for 30 years. (AGO)
My parents got married 20 years ago.
The last time I heard from him was 3 months ago. (HAVEN’T)
I haven’t heard from him for 3 months.
I fell asleep. My husband arrived home later. (BY THE TIME)
By the time my husband arrived home, I had fallen asleep.
He started studying at 9am. When I arrived home at 12pm, he was still studying. (FOR)
When I arrived home at 12pm, he had been studying for 3 hours.
It began raining at 2am. It’s still raining (BEEN)
It has been raining since 2am.

23. The future: DECISIONS (BE)GOING TO+BASE FORM PRESENT CONTINUOUS
WILL(‘ll)/will not (WON’T)
+BASE FORM
(BE)GOING TO+BASE FORM
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
SPONTANEOUS DECISIONS MADE AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING
-There’s no milk (no hay leche)
-I’ll go and get some (Voy a comprarla)
…………………..
-Look! Somebody is trying to steal that car! (¡Mira,Alguien está intentando robar ese coche!
-I’ll phone the police (voy a llamar a la policía)
PLANNED DECISIONS (EMPHASIS ON THE INTENTION OF THE SPEAKER)
What are you going to do when you leave high school?
(¿Qué vas a hacer cuando salgas del instituto?)
………………………
My parents are going to buy a new car soon (Mis padres se van a comprar un coche pronto)
PLANNED DECISIONS (EMPHASIS ON THE FIXED PLAN OR ARRANGEMENT)
I’m seeing Tom this afternoon.
(Voy a ver a tom esta tarde)
…………………
I’m starting my university studies next month.
(El mes que viene empiezo mis estudios universitarios)
………………….
Lucy’s going to the dentist at 6.
(lucy va al dentista a las 6)

24. The future: Predictions
Will /won’t + base form
(be) going to + base form
Predictions based on what the speaker thinks (subjective opinion)
In the year 2100 the earth will be destroyed and humans will have to move to another planet.
(En el año 2100 la tierra estará destruida y los humanos tendrán que irse a otro planeta)
…………………………………..
When I grow up I’ll be a renowned writer
(cuando sea mayor seré un escritor de reconocido prestigio)
Predictions based on what the speaker can see/feel/hear… (objective predictions)
Watch out! You’re going to fall over!
(¡Cuidado! ¡Te vas a caer!)
…………………………………………………………………….
Can you please drive more slowly? We’re going to have an accident!
(¿puedes conducir más despacio? ¡Vamos a tener un accidente!)
……………………………………………………….
Take your umbrella with you. It’s going to rain. (llévate el paraguas. Va a llover)

25. The future: promises, hopes, offers, requests, timetables (will/won’t + base form)
I promise I’ll never forget you (te prometo que nunca te olvidaré)
She hopes she’ll find a better job soon (Ella espera encontrar un trabajo mejor pronto)
I’ll take you to the airport tomorrow if you need it (YO te llevo al aeropuerto mañana si lo necesitas)
Will you please open the window? It’s stifling here! (¿Puedes abrir la ventana, por favor? El ambiente está cargado).
The concert will start at 7pm (el concierto empieza a las 7) = present simple

26. Practice: will, be going to or present continuous?
will, be going to or present continuous (II)

27. FUTURE CONTINUOUS: WILL (`LL)/WON’T BE + -ING
Notice:
Time expressions and examples:
Present continuous: action in progress at present
It’s 4pm. My dad is taking a nap.
Past continuous: action in progress in the past
Yesterday at 4pm my dad was taking a nap.
Future continuous: action in progress in the future
Don’t call at 4pm. My dad will be taking a nap.
In 3 weeks, in 10 years, at this time tomorrow/next week/next month…
A esta hora la semana que viene, estaré entrando en la iglesia y mi prometido me estará esperando en el altar.
This time next week, I’ll be getting into the church and my fiancé will be waiting for me at the altar.
El año que viene a estas alturas estaremos estudiando en la universidad.
This time next year we’ll be studying at university.

28. Future perfect: will(‘ll) /won’t + have + p.p.
Notice:
Time expressions and examples
Present perfect:
he has moved house. (se ha mudado)
(action finished before present time: time not specified)
Past perfect:
I wanted to visit him but he had moved house (se había mudado)
(action finished before another past action: time not specified)
Future perfect:
By next summer, he will have moved house. (se habrá mudado)
(action finished before a particular time in the futre: time not specified)
BY, BY THE TIME, IN 20 YEARS TIME, IN 4 WEEKS…
SI TRABAJAMOS SIN PARAR, HABREMOS TERMINADO EL PROJECTO PARA EL VIERNES.
If we work non-stop, we’ll have finished the Project by friday
Para cuando decida pedirme salir, yo ya lo habré olvidado
By the time he decides to ask me out, I’ll already have forgotten him
Dentro de 150 años, los humanos estaremos mudándonos a otro planeta porque habremos destruido la tierra
In 150 years, humans will be moving to another planet because we will have destroyed the earth.

29. practice future tenses- mixed exercise
future perfect or future continuous