1. Data Reference Model Implementation Through Iteration & Testing
ITIT Preliminary Strategy
GCN Data to Knowledge Conference
October 11, 2005
Mills Davis
Managing Director, TopQuadrant, Inc.
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

2. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
TOPICS
Purpose
Scope of DRM testing
Approach and rationale
Next steps
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

3. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
Purpose
Establish the readiness of the DRM process for deployment across government:
Clear executable mandate to agencies and departments
Proven education, best practices, and support
Tested capabilities for context, sharing, description, and management
Appropriate tooling and vendor support
Business case for implementation at reasonable cost
Demonstrate value of DRM to public, COIs, agency business lines (programs), agency IT management, OMB (FEA & CPIC), President’s Management Agenda, and for implementing legislative mandates.
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

4. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
Scope of DRM Testing
Education — understandability of DRM
Information description — data to knowledge
Information sharing — system to system
Information context — accessibility
Management — Legislative, executive, business line, IT, and constituency
Assessment — business value and readiness of DRM
Reporting — progress; findings, conclusions & recommendations
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

5. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
1. DRM Education
Purpose — Understandability of the DRM
Scope
Agency educational pilot(s): multi-level, cross-agency, with focus on DRM implementations
Community of Interest & Community of Practice outreach
Industry and educational institution outreach
Educational materials, website, and support
Ongoing feedback and evaluation
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

6. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
DRM Education Pilot
(This data architecture provides the three S’s: Structure, Searchability, and Semantics…)
National Infrastructure for Community Statistics Pilot
Metamodel
Metadata
Data
Data
Stories
Model
Figures
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

7. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
DRM Basics
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

8. 2. Information Description
Purpose — Knowledge about data & content
Establish DRM capability to represent and reason over the range of information objects that agencies, COIs, and external entities may share.
Scope
Structured, semi-structured, and unstructured content
Data/content, metadata, models, meta-models, semantic models
Automated, semi-automated, and manual methods of preparing DRM models
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

9. Information Description
Relationships and associations
Metamodel: Constructs and rules needed for abstraction, generalization, and reasoning.
Model: Relationships between data and metadata. Different kinds of modeling enable information integration, process interoperation, and adaptive and autonomous behavior
Metadata: Information about the content or data. Metadata identify concepts, attributes, and relationships for machine processing that enable various capabilities.
Data: Digital representation of numbers, text, table, graphic, audio, video. Facts or instances for reasoning.
Source: Professor Andreas Tolk, August 16, 2005
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

10. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
Content and Data
Content is anything written, depicted, filmed, recorded, animated and stored in some media
Digital content is any content whose physical properties can be substituted by computer-processable descriptions (e.g., a CD is a binary description of sound)
Metadata is secondary information about, or added to, the content.
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

11. Metadata — making content “smart”
Knowledge extraction creates metadata that enables concepts and relationships in content to be interpreted by computer.
Domain knowledge provides metadata for understanding the meaning of the content from different perspectives.
Context of use modeling provides metadata that enables software to organize content to task, interest, or preference.
Media resource metadata enables packaging content for presentation across different media.
Behavioral knowledge allows the computer to sequence communications, manage dialogs, and orchestrate action.
Provenance and rights metadata is key to establishing trust, maintaining security, and enabling commerce.
Exchange metadata defines query points, packages,and system resources used for data transfer.
Semantic models (semantic-enabled metadata) enables content integration, interoperability, and reasoning over content and data assets.
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

12. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
Semantic Models
Semantic models represent meanings, associations, and know-how about the uses of things separately from data and program code.
This knowledge representation is called an ontology — a run-time model of information, defined using constructs for:
Concepts – classes, things
Relationships – properties (object and data)
Rules – axioms and constraints
Instances of concepts – individuals (data, facts)
Like databases ontologies are used by applications at run time (queried and reasoned over). Unlike databases, relationships are first-class constructs.
Like object models ontologies describe classes and attributes (properties). Unlike object models, ontologies are set-based and dynamic (can change at run-time).
Like business rules they encode rules. Unlike business rules, ontologies organize rules using axioms.
Like XML schemas ontologies are native to the web (and are in fact serialized in XML). Unlike XML schemas, ontologies are graphs not trees, and used for reasoning.
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

13. Unified Medical Language System
Biomedical
literature
MeSH
Genome
annotations GO
Model
organisms
NCBI
Taxonomy
Genetic knowledge bases
OMIM
Clinical
repositories
SNOMED
Other
subdomains …
Anatomy
UWDA
UMLS
Addison's disease C
Addison's disease, NOS C
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2004
Source: Olivier Bodenreider, National Library of Medicine
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

14. Information Description: Use Cases
Describe different types of sharable information object:
Structured, semi-structured, unstructured data/content
Metadata, models, meta-models, semantic models
Software, database, document, web
Examine manual, semi-automated, and automated methods for creation/collection, registry/discovery, and harmonization of DRM objects.
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

15. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
3. Information Sharing
Purpose — Enable system to system information exchange in productive business contexts.
Establish DRM process and DRM-based data services involving a range of information objects in varied use cases addressing business needs.
What matters is information sharing that meets business needs.
Scope
DRM process: collection, registry, harmonization, measurement
DRM-based data services: query point, exchange packet, data points
Business line capabilities that deliver business value and involve DRM-based information sharing
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

16. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
DRM Process
Collection
Registration
Harmonization
& Standardization
Measure
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

17. DRM-based Data Services
Test exchanges by type of data sources
Structured data (relational)
Semi-structured and unstructured (“document”)
CRUD operations
Retrieval and Analysis
E.g., each combination of exchange (1 -> 2, 2-> 3, 3 -> 1, etc.) defined.
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

18. Information Sharing: Use Cases
Information sharing to support DRM process
Information sharing to support categories of data service — transactional, analytical, authoring, documents.
Information sharing to exchange metadata, models, metamodels, and semantic models
Information sharing to support exchange of data and content
Information sharing to support E-Gov use cases — G2C, G2B, G2G
Information sharing to support business lines
Information sharing to support COI needs
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

19. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
4. Information Context
Purpose — Improve information accessibility
Establish DRM responsiveness to E-Gov Act of 2002 Section 207d requirements for information categorization, accessibility, and interoperability.
Scope — Context continuum includes a spectrum of categorization approaches:
Statistical, linguistic, and semantic technologies
Automated, semi-automated, and manual methods
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

20. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
Context Continuum
Strong
Semantics
Some Intelligence, Defense,
Security, Health, Science &
Business applications share
information at these levels
Axiology
Modal Logic
Logical Theory
First Order Logic
Description Logic
OWL
DRM 1.5 sets the bar here
Conceptual Model
UML
Semantic Interoperability
Increasing Metadata
RDF/S
Taxonomy
Topic Map
Structural Interoperability
Source: Dr. Leo Obrst, Mitre, Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
ER Model
DB Schema, XML Schema
Thesaurus
Syntactic Interoperability
Relational Model, XML
Many Federal applications do not enable data sharing
List
Glossary
Weak
Semantics
Controlled Vocabulary
Recovery
Discovery
Intelligence
Question Answering
Reasoning
Increasing Search Capability
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

21. Information Context: Use Cases
Categorize content, web pages, documents, records, data sets, RDBs
Assess manual, semi-automatic, and automatic categorization methods
Validate context (metadata) syntax, structure, and semantics
Gauge cost-effectiveness of different categorization and search methods
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

22. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
5. Management
Purpose
Establish that DRM process supports legislative, executive, business line, IT, and constituency-level management requirements.
Scope
Legislative, PMA, and OMB requirements
CPIC integration
Operational EA
Agency business line and IT management line of sight
Budget and performance
Financial management
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

23. Integrating DRM and IT Management
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

24. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
Management: Use Cases
Legislative, PMA, and OMB requirements
EA evaluation
CPIC
Agency business line and IT management
Budget and performance
Financial management
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

25. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
6. Assessment of DRM
Gauge the readiness of the DRM process for deployment across government:
Clear executable mandate to agencies and departments
Proven education, best practices, and support
Tested capabilities for context, sharing, description, and management
Appropriate tooling and vendor support
Business case for implementation at reasonable cost
Assess value of DRM to public, COIs, agency business lines (programs), agency IT management, OMB (FEA & CPIC), President’s Management Agenda, and for implementing legislative mandates.
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

26. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
7. ITIT Reporting
Progress — working groups, pilot reviews, and presentations
Education — DRM training materials, evaluations
Agency champions — use cases that promote adoption
Pilot test results — DRM functional & technical efficacy; Problems ID’d, fixed, and lessons learned
Business value — Capabilities benefiting business lines and how DRM supports these
Vendor capabilities — tooling and solutions that take time & cost out of the DRM process
DRM scorecard — gauging readiness for deployment
Recommendations — policy inputs, improvements, next steps
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing

27. DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing
Next Steps
Call for participation — agency champions
DRM pilot proposals
Management and coordination
Resources and funding
Mills Davis, TopQuadrant
DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing