1. How to Integrate Quotes
“Anything less would be uncivilized”
The examples from Lord of the Flies and A Separate Peace in this presentation have been borrowed from the work of Jimmy Butts via slideshare.com. Thank you!

2. How to quote a sentence
Notice how the words lead into the quote the author has chosen to use.
Parenthetical citations are needed to indicate where the information came from. This quote can be found on page 5 of the novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles.
Gene begins to reveal his internal war with Finny when he says, “What was I doing up here anyway? Why did I let Finny talk me into stupid things like this?” (5).
The comma is placed prior to the beginning of the quotation.
Note that the quotation marks have now ended the quote, then followed the parenthetical citation, and finally the period.

3. Practice: quoting a sentence
Write a statement using the following quote from Pip in Great Expectations (in reference to Estella):
“I loved her against reason, against promise, against peace, against hope, against happiness, against all discouragement that could be.”
1 minute
Note: In this case you will be quoting the entirety of the sentence, but just as seen in the previous example, you will embed the quote as opposed to using it in isolation.

4. Quoting a sentence (examples)
ISOLATED QUOTE
INTEGRATED QUOTE
It didn’t make sense why Pip loved Estella. “I loved her against reason, against promise, against peace, against hope, against happiness, against all discouragement that could be.” This quote shows that Pip recognized the irrationality behind loving her.
Pip, despite his better judgment, knew his love for Estella was irrational when he says, “I loved her against reason, against promise, against peace, against hope, against happiness, against all discouragement that could be.”
Note that the difference between “Isolating a Quote” and “Embedding a Quote” could be as significant a difference between a 4 and a 6 on an AP exam.

5. How to quote a fragment
Once again, notice how the writer carefully words the beginning to allow a smooth transition into the embedded quote.
Quick Novel Awareness Check: Based on the clues provided in the sentence below, does anyone know what novel this quote was pulled from?
Jack is not able to kill the piglet during their first attempt at hunting for food “because of the enormity of the knife descending and cutting into the living flesh; because of the unbearable blood” (31).
Where does the comma go this time?
This is the parenthetical citation that indicates that the embedded quote can be found in its entirety on pg. 31 in the novel Lord of the Flies.
This time, no comma is needed as this quote is not used as a whole nor directly coming from Jack.

6. Practice: quoting a fragment
Write a statement using a fragment of the following quote from Mr. Jaggers in Great Expectations (in reference to Pip’s assumption that he perceived his benefactor was Miss Havisham and not Abel Magwitch):
“Take nothing on looks; take everything on evidence. There’s no better rule.”
1 minute
Note: In this case you will be quoting just a fragment of the sentence, but just as seen in previous examples, you will integrate (embed) the quote as opposed to using it in isolation.

7. Quoting a sentence vs. Quoting a fragment
Mr. Jaggers, upon hearing of Pip’s inaccurate assumption, told Pip, “Take nothing on its looks; take everything on evidence. There’s no better rule.”
After inquiring confirmation from Mr. Jaggers regarding Pip’s patron, Pip learned to “take everything on evidence” and “nothing on its looks”—sound advice from the intimidating, yet successful lawyer.
Whereas the left-hand side is efficient writing, the ability to quote fragments that are delicately interweaved within your own writing is the type of writing usually indicative of 7 and higher on the AP exams.

8. How to quote a Quotation
How do you know which quote belongs to that of the author, and which belongs to the character Jack?
How do I correctly punctuate a quote within a quote?
When quoting a quote within a quote, you use a single quotation mark (an apostrophe) to indicate the change in the quote.
Golding writes, “Jack seized the conch. ‘Ralph’s right of course. There isn’t a snake-thing. But if there was a snake we’d hunt it and kill it.’ ” (36).
Note that you still must end the full quotation you have embedded with the normal quotation marks AFTER you have indicated the end of the quote within a quote with the single quotation (an apostrophe).
What is the difference between the red and green sections of the quote?
The red quote indicates the beginning of the quote by the author.
The green indicates where author’s voice “ends” and Jack’s begins.

9. Practice: quoting a Quote within a quote
Write a statement using a quote within a quote with the following quote from Great Expectations (a discussion between Estella and Pip):
“ ‘You must know,’ said Estella, condescending to me as a beautiful and brilliant woman might, ‘that I have no heart—if that has anything to do with my memory.’ I got through some jargon to the effect that I took the liberty of doubting that.”
1 minute
Note: In your statement, be sure to include a quote within a quote—meaning that you will have to include both the author’s word (in this case Pip’s narration) AND a quote from Estella.

10. Practice: quoting a Quote within a quote
Write a statement using a quote within a quote with the following quote from Great Expectations (a discussion between Estella and Pip):
“ ‘You must know,’ said Estella, condescending to me as a beautiful and brilliant woman might, ‘that I have no heart—if that has anything to do with my memory.’ I got through some jargon to the effect that I took the liberty of doubting that.”
1 minute
Note: In your statement, be sure to include a quote within a quote—meaning that you will have to include both the author’s word (in this case Pip’s narration) AND a quote from Estella.

11. quoting a Quote within a quote (Example)
Despite the bluntness in Estella’s comments, Pip could not heed her warning as she said, “ ‘You must know,’ said Estella, ‘that I have no heart’ .” Pip “took the liberty of doubting that,” as he believed there is no chance that such a beauty could exist without one.

12. How to quote with Omissions
An ellipsis (…) is often used to reduce the length of a quote to be used and/or to eliminate elements that are undesirable or insignificant to be used.
What is the purpose of using an ellipsis in a case such as this?
According to Gene, the faculty at Devon treated the boys differently during the summer session because “we reminded them of what peace was like… of lives which were not bound up with destruction” (10).
Note: You do not need to use an ellipsis to show that the beginning or the end of a quote is missing.
This (…) is called an ellipsis. It is used to indicate an omission—words that are superfluous and not desired (in this case).
What is this (…)?

13. Practice: quoting with omissions
Write a statement using the following quote from the narrator in Great Expectations (in reference to Pip criticizing himself) including a minimum of one omission (use of ellipsis):
“In a word, I was too cowardly to do what I knew to be right, as I had been too cowardly to avoid doing what I knew to be wrong.”
1 minute

14. quoting with omissions (Example)
Pip questioned his own integrity as he internally reflected, “I was too cowardly to do what I knew to be right… to avoid doing what I knew to be wrong.”

15. How to quote with Brief insertions (brackets)
As pronouns replace a noun or other pronoun, they are particularly susceptible to needing brackets when quoting. Significant misconceptions are likely to occur if not handled properly.
Does any part of speech particularly necessitate the requirement of brackets?
It is evident that Finny believes in the war before his fall from the tree because he tells Gene, “I’m wearing this [his pink shirt] as an emblem” (11).
Note: Use brackets when you are inserting your own words into a quote in order to make the meaning of the quote more clear. Sometimes, this will be in addition to; sometimes this will be in replacement of a particular word.
The writing inside the brackets is the writer’s explanation of what “this” is. Often, when quoting, you have to clarify parts of a quote for your reader to understand.
Why have the words in brackets been included?

16. Practice: quoting with brief insertions
Write a statement using the following quote from Pip in Great Expectations (in reference to Estella) including a minimum of one insertion (use of brackets):
“I loved her against reason, against promise, against peace, against hope, against happiness, against all discouragement that could be.”
1 minute

17. quoting with Brief insertions (Example)
Despite Pip’s awareness of his misgivings, “[he] loved her against reason, against promise, against [common sense].”