1. Figure 1. Average water use for residential users in the U. S
Figure 1. Average water use for residential users in the U.S. and Canada
Source: Adapted from AWWA (1999), 1,188 households in 12 U.S. and Canadian cities

2. Figure 2. Distribution of residential daily water use
Sources: USA: AWWA (1999); Jordan: Griffin (2005), 308,000 customers

3. Figure 3. Average residential water use in various U. S
Figure 3. Average residential water use in various U.S. cities and foreign countries
Sources: Vickers (2001), p. 13; Hussien (2002); Jayyoussi (1998)

4. Figure 4. Hourly variation in water use
Percent of Average Day
Time of Day
Source: Linsley et al (1992), p. 505.

5. Table 1. Water use factors for different land uses in San Francisco, CA

6. Figure 5. Parcel Map for Logan City (200–300 W 200-300 S)
Source: Cache County (2012).

7. Table 2. Ordinary least squares regression results for 101 customers’ water use in Denton, Texas, 1976 – 1980

8. Table 3. Typical Hardware Costs and Flow Rates for Water Conserving Technologies

9. Table 4. Comparison of different methods to estimate water demands
Advantages
Disadvantages
Population-based forecasting
Estimate both current and future water use
Simple, easy to calculate
Uses average values
Requires understanding of future trends
Land-use based forecasts
Can spatially disaggregate use
GIS software to help
Need to estimate water-use factors for each land type
How to project future land use?
Econometric regression
Typical economist approach
Can test or refute hypothesis
Outputs elasticity associated with each explanatory factor
Requires large household dataset
Explanatory variables often confounded, including water price under block rate structures
Difficult to account for conservation