1. Chapter 9 The Glory of Ancient Rome.

2. Bell Ringer
Answer the following question in your notebook, remember to RESTATE
Look at the pictures on p , what do these images tell you about daily life in the ancient Roman Empire?
When you finish, copy down the chart on p. 252 for taking notes: leave yourself room for more facts

3. Roman Daily Life
Rome had the most beautiful monuments and public buildings in the world.
Wealth and goods flowed freely to all parts of the empire.
Merchants made their living from tourists who visited the city.

4. Why would Rome want a Census of their citizens?
Rome took a census every 5 years - if a man did not register he could lose his property or be sold into slavery!
Census=count
Why would Rome want a Census of their citizens?

5. Roman Citizens children women slaves
To be a Roman citizen was a matter of great pride.
Guess who were not considered as citizens?
women
children
slaves

6. How is this similar to the beginning of the United States?
Roman Citizens
Hmm…
Only Free Adult
Males.
How is this similar to the beginning of the United States?

7. Lower class: poor people and slaves
Roman Social Classes
Rome had 2 social classes:
Wealthy citizens
Lower class: poor people and slaves

8. How do you think the poor of Rome felt about the rich?
Rags to Riches??
The poor lived in poorly built houses or multi-story apartment buildings.
They did not have running water nor plumbing.
The wealthy lived in villas and enjoyed feasts with game or boar.
They would have entertainment including dancers, performers and musicians.
How do you think the poor of Rome felt about the rich?

9. Do you think we have any, “Bread and Circuses” in our society today?
To prevent the poor from rioting over late/bad grain shipments, the government gave them free grain and provided circus entertainment in the Colosseum.

10. Bread and Circuses
circuses
The Roman Government gave:
grain

11. Gladiators fought to the death.
Most gladiators were slaves, condemned criminals or prisoners or war.
Some were free men and women who enjoyed fame. All fought in bloody contests of strength.

12. “Hail Caesar! We who are about to die salute you.”
What happens if Caesar goes ‘thumbs up?’ Thumbs down?

13. Roman Life
Despite the appeal of brutal combat and executions for “entertainment”, the Romans valued family life.
The Roman government provided family support.

14. Help is on the Way!
The Roman Government provided support to the upper classes. These measures were designed to encourage the upper classes to increase the size of their families and to continue their family names.
Why would the Roman government want the upper class to increase their family size?

15. Help is on the Way!
For families with 3 or more….
You get free land

16. Head of the Household
The head of the household was the paterfamilias (pay tur
fuh MIL ee us).
The family included everything and everyone in the home under the “head of the household”.
slaves

17. Roles of Women in Rome
A woman’s place in the household depended on what kind of marriage she had.
Sometimes she would leave the family and join her husband’s family.

18. Roles of Women in Rome
Some women shaped roles for themselves outside the family. (The higher the class, the more independence.)
Some women became doctors and worked in medicine, while others engaged in trade.
The women of the lower class were usually cooks, dressmakers, and hairdressers.

19. Slavery in Rome Slavery was common in Rome.
Even poor families might employ slaves.
Slaves had almost no rights, but a few rose to important positions in households of wealthy families.
Some slaves were able to save money and buy their freedom.

20. Chapter 9, Section 2: Christianity and the Roman Empire
Bell Ringer
Why did the Roman government feed and entertain its people?
The Rise of Christianity
Christianity Spreads
Rome Reacts

21. Christianity and the Roman Empire
During the rule of Augustus, Rome increased its control over Judea, the region that once had been known as Canaan. Here we will be focusing on the rise of a new religion, called Christianity.
Christianity was just one of the religions in the Roman Empire. The Romans were tolerant of toward the people in these lands as long as they showed their loyalty to the Roman Emperor and their gods.

22. Unrest in Judaea The Romans conquered the Jewish homeland of Judaea.
The Romans allowed the Jews to practice their faith, then as opposition grew to the Romans, the Romans struck back with harsh rules.

23. Christianity and the Roman Empire
As a result of the Roman rule, many Jews became resentful and believed a messiah or savior would come to bring justice and freedom to the land.
In 37 B.C. the Roman senate appointed a new ruler of Judaea named Herod- it was during this time that Jesus was born in Bethlehem.

24. What other religious leader taught the, “Golden Rule?”
Christian Beliefs
Jesus was a Jewish teacher who taught that:
God was loving and forgiving
People should love their neighbor as they love themselves
Promised that people who followed his teachings would have everlasting life
Followers believed he was the messiah

25. The Gospels
Years after the death of Jesus, the disciples or followers of Christ wrote stories about his teachings.
Four stories of Jesus’ life were written in the 4 Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.

26. Roman Fears
Roman Guards and an Emperor. (Rein actors)
Some people complained to the Romans that Jesus taught that God was greater than the emperor.
The Romans feared a revolt and eventually decided to have Jesus put to death by being crucified.

27. The Spread of Christianity
Many educated people of Jesus’ time spoke Greek.
The Greek word for messiah was Christos.
After Jesus’ death his followers began to call themselves Christians.
Who was Saul? (Paul)
Paul persuaded Jesus’ followers to teach the Greeks and Romans as well as the Jews
Epistles: letters written by disciples.

28. Ways of Worship Baptism Lord's Supper
Christians practiced the rites of:
Baptism
Lord's Supper

29. Why do you think Nero blamed the Christians?
A.D. 64
In A.D. 64 a fire started in Rome and burned the city for 9 days. Rumor had it the Christians started the fire…
Nero blamed Christians and persecuted them – this persecution lasted for 250 years.
Why do you think Nero blamed the Christians?

30. The Appeal of Christianity
Christianity continued to spread despite the persecution
Jesus was not a hero from a myth, he actually lived among people in the empire
Simple style of the Gospels made his teachings easy to understand
Martyrs (someone who dies for a cause) caused many Romans to admire Christians and accept the Christian faith

31. Section 3 Bell Ringer Answer the, “Timeline Skills” questions on p.271
FROM GOOD RULE TO BAD
THE EMPIRE CRUMBLES
CONSTANTINE and CHRISTIANITY
INVASIONS AND COLLAPSE

32. From Good to Bad
After the death of Marcus Aurelius, his son Commodus became the next emperor.
Bribed the army to support him.
Was not a good leader.
Commodus
Did not work with the Senate- tried to mess it up.
Was assassinated in 192

33. Which one of these would be the most serious issue?
The Empire Crumbles
Historians do not agree on any ONE cause for the decline of Rome but SEVERAL PROBLEMS led to the downfall of Rome:
Weak, corrupt rulers
A mercenary army
Size of the Empire
Economic Problems
Which one of these would be the most serious issue?

34. Weak Corrupt Rulers
After Commodus, the emperors were corrupt. Many were successful generals and not politicians.
The generals would steal money for themselves and bribe their army to keep them in power.
Many assassinations occurred (29 emperors between A.D. 180 – A.D. 284)

35. The Empire Crumbles Rome was much too large to rule.
Enemies began to attack Rome.
The Romans called these people Barbarians.
Rome’s sources of wealth declined when the empire did not continue to grow.
Rome had to pay its army and had no money.
To raise money the government collected even more taxes.

36. We just described inflation.
Woe is me…
Food was scarce so its prices went
The government produced more and more coins. The coins were not valued as much because there was not much silver in them. So the coins were actually worth
We just described inflation.
Less

37. Trying to stop the decline
Emperors tried to stop the decline of Rome, but were unsuccessful.
Enlarge the army, built new forts at the borders, improve the tax system and…
Divide the Empire
Rome’s Decline

38. A Divided Empire

39. Rulers of the Roman Empire
Constantine
Licinius
Maximinus

40. Licinius
Constantine
Now Rome no longer persecuted Christians.
Christianity became the official religion of the empire.
He continued to persecute Christians.
He battled Constantine numerous times and lost control of the …

41. “New Rome”
In 330 Constantine won control of the Eastern Roman Empire and moved the Capital to the city of Byzantium, in modern-day Turkey.
Constantine renamed the city to “Constantinople” which means the “city of Constantine”.

42. Constantinople
Constantinople was firmly in place as the new capital of the Roman Empire.
Byzantium aka
Constantinople
Rome

43. Rome ends with… The last emperor was named ROMULUS Augustus.
Germanic tribes continued to invade Rome. The Romans called these people Barbarians.
The Eastern Roman Empire lasted for 1000 years after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 A.D.