1. Domestication of Farm Animals
For:
ADVS 1110
Introduction to Animal Science

2. Domestication: Terminology
Wild Animal:
An animal not genetically altered by ‘artificial selection’ for use by humans.
Tame Wild Animal:
A wild animal that, through intervention of man, has adapted behaviorally so as to be traceable and useful to humans.

3. Domestication: Terminology
Exotic Animal:
A wild animal belonging to a species whose historic native range lies totally outside Canada and the United States and/or its territories.
Domestic Animal:
An animal that has been genetically altered from the original wild species for use by humans through the agency of ‘artificial selection’.

4. Domestication: Terminology
Feral Animal:
A domestic animal that lives in the wild with no human assistance.
Feral Population:
A reproducing group of feral animals.

5. Domestication: Terminology
Breed:
A population of domestic animals, the individuals of which may vary within defined phenotypic and genotypic limits.
When mated among themselves, the offspring produced are also within the original limits.
Breeds generally have an organization or association of breeders, who generally breed their animals according to a stated conceptual standard.

6. Domestication: Terminology
Variety:
A variety is used in some species to designate groups of animals within a breed that have shared morphological (structural) traits, such as coat types, comb types, patterns, and the presence or absences of horns.
A common term used in chickens and turkeys.

7. Domestication: Terminology
Strain:
A sub-population of a breed or a variety that has unique ancestral similarities or a restricted phenotypic range as compared to the breed variety as a whole.
Landrace:
A population of domesticated animals locally selected and used and generally bred within itself.
A landrace tends to vary within itself somewhat more than does a breed and tends to not have organized breeders or a breed standard.

8. Domestication Domestication by D. Webster:
To adapt an animal or plant to life in an intimate association with and to the advantage of man or another species, by modifying growth and traits through provision of food, protection from enemies, and selective (artificial selection) breeding during generations of living in association and often to the extent that the domesticated forms loses the ability to survive in nature.

9. Domestication
Domestication by R. Bennett, “Man and Earth’s Ecosystems”:
● A domesticated plant or animal is one that people have consciously taken into the cultural context of their living space for any purpose whatsoever.

10. A Domesticated Animal:
The animal is valued and there are clear purposes for which it is kept.
The animal’s breeding is subject to human control.
The animal’s survival depends, whether voluntary or not, upon humans.
The animal’s behavior (psychology) is changed in domestication.
Morphological characteristics have appeared in the individuals of the domestic species which occur rarely if at all in the wild.

11. The Process of Domestication
WILD
TAME ?
DOMESTIC
FERAL
BREED

12. The Process of Domestication
Voluntary Symbiotic Association Based on Guest-Host Relationship:
Exploitation by the Guest (Species)
Exploitation by the Host (Man)
Scavenging
Feeding
Robbing
Taming
Parasitism
Domestication

13. The Process of Artificial Selection
Domesticated
Animal
Breed
Variety
Strain
Landrace

14. Chronological Development of Common Domestic Animal Species

15. Specie: Dog When: 12,000-14,000 B.P. (Before Present)
Where: Old & New World
Why: Pet, Companion
From: Wolf or Jackal

16. Specie: Sheep When: 9,000-10,700 B.P. Where: Old World
Why: Food, Milk & Clothing
From: European Mufflon & Asiatic Urial

17. Specie: Goat When: 8,500-9,000 B.P. Where: Old World
Why: Food, Milk & Clothing
From: Wild Goat

18. Specie: Cattle When: 6,000-6,500 B.P. Where: Old World
Why: Religious Reasons
From: Auroch

19. Specie: Pig When: 8,000-9,000 B.P. Where: Old World Why: Food & Sport
From: European Wild Boar

20. Specie: Horse When: 4,000-5,000 B.P. Where: Old World
Why: Transport & Warfare
From: Wild Horse

21. Specie: Chicken When: 5,000-5,500 B.P. Where: India, Sumatra & Java
Why: Cockfights, Show, Food, Religion
From: Jungle Fowl

22. Animal Domestication: Summary
Without the domestication of wild animals by humans, the human race most likely wouldn’t have survived.
Today’s sustainable availability of animal products and their provision of food, clothing, and shelter in some cultures is essential for the future of humankind.
Responsible breeding and husbandry are mandatory if the global growth is to continue.

23. This is what makes our domestic animals valuable.

24. The End
Questions?