1. “ The Fourth Branch of Government”
The Bureaucracy
“ The Fourth Branch of Government”

2. Bureaucracy Round Robin
Directions----HAND WRITTEN…..NO COMPUTERS
1. Using your worksheet you were asked to print, complete the section you were assigned MINUTES
A. Vocabulary
B. Compare and contrast the American and British models of government bureaucracy.
C. Sketch the history of the executive branch bureaucracy and the different uses to which it has been put.
D. Discuss the recruitment, retention, and demographic profiles of federal bureaucrats.
E. Show how the roles and missions of the agencies are affected by internal and external factors.
F. Review congressional measures to control the bureaucracy and evaluate their effectiveness.
G. List the “pathologies” that may affect bureaucracies and discuss why it is so difficult to reform the executive branch bureaucracy.
2. Get together with members of your group to write, neatly, a clear, concise answer to your letter---bullets are encouraged instead of paragraphs.—15 MINUTES
3. Go around to ANY of the other posters and copy their answers to the problem. REST OF PERIOD

3. OBJECTIVES AND AGENDA 3/15
List how the US Bureaucracy is unique?
Argue what the problems are and what are the solutions to US Bureaucracy.
AGENDA
Warm-up---Political Cartoon exercise
What is a bureaucracy?
Bureaucracy round robin.
How did the bureaucracy grow?
Define and explain US bureaucracy
Regulation, accountability, Reform
Pathology

4. Warm-up---1. Free write—What does the cartoon say about Bureaucracy. 2
Warm-up Free write—What does the cartoon say about Bureaucracy? 2. Write a personal example of a time YOU dealt with a bureaucracy. (Any large corporation)

5. Definition of a Bureaucracy
Max Weber--- “rational way to organize business”
Hierarchical authority structure
Task specialization
Extensive rules
Clear goals
The merit principle
Impersonality
American System---Different than European Model
1. Separation of Powers---Federalism
Congress—create, organize, disband, investigate
President—under the Executive Branch—Control
**Counterparts in the states!!!***--Proxy Government—Federal programs staffed and administered by State and Local Gov.
2. Close public scrutiny—individual rights, Court challenges
3. Regulation….not public ownership

7. Growth of the System 1. Patronage—Spoils system
Pendleton Act —Civil Service Commission—Tests, merit, not party loyalty
’s—90% Under the merit system
Office of Personnel Management—laws, rules and regulations of bureaucracy
Merit systems Protection Board—integrity and rights of federal employees.
15 cabinet level departments—President nominates “Secretary” and approved by Senate
2000 bureaus, offices, services and other subdivisions million civilians and 1.8 million military SEE NEXT SLIDE
4. Health and Human Services the largest---Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act

8. Continued…. Independent Regulatory Agencies Government Corporations
Interstate Commerce Commission
The Federal Trade Commission
The National Labor Relations Board
The Federal Reserve Board
The securities and exchange Commission
Government Corporations
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
The Tennessee Valley authority
US Postal Service
Amtrak
Independent Executive agencies—direct control of Pres.
General Services Administration—property, buildings, purchasing
National Science Foundation
National aeronautics and Space Adm.

9. Federal Civilian Employment, 1990–2012
Table 15.1
*Since its creation in 2003.
Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States , 2009 and 2012 (top)
Sources: Federal Bureau of Prisons Weekly Population Report and Quick Facts, available at and (bottom)
Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

10. Regulation and Accountability, Reform
Regulation---Congress passes law—agency organized— rules created
Government regulation of Private business
Munn vs. Illinois(1877)—Confirmed rights of Illinois to regulate charges and services of a Chicago warehouse.
New Deal added more regulation
WWII---added even more
Accountability
Congress—check on activities Duplication, Authorization— appropriation, hearings, rewriting legislation
President—Appointments, Executive Orders, economic powers--$, Reorganization
Reform
Iron Triangles—bureaucrats, interest groups, congressional subcommittee members (SEE CHART)
Issue Networks—interest groups, congressional staffs, universities, mass media—discuss issue on broad basis

11. Reform Cont. Hatch Act (1939)—have little to do with politics
cannot run for public office
Raise funds for party or candidate
No officers in political organization
may now participate in politics---may NOT run as a candidate
Pathologies of Bureaucracy Conclusion (example)
“Red Tape”
Conflict—cross purposes
Duplication
Unchecked growth
Waste
Lack of accountability