1. The Cranial Nerves: A Review

2. 12 Pairs of Peripheral Nerves
Originate in or near the brain
Sensory, Motor, and Mixed
Voluntary, Involuntary, and Mixed

3. VENTRAL VIEW Olfactory (I) Optic (II) Oculomotor (III) Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal (V)
Facial (VII)
Abducens (VI)
Auditory (VIII)
Glosso-
pharyngeal (IX)
Spinal
Accessory (XI)
Vagus (X)
Hypoglossal (XII)

4. Oculomotor
Facial
Optic
Trochlear
Olfactory
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus &
Glossopharyngeal
Auditory
Trigeminal
Abducens

5. Hypoglossal
Spinal Accessory

6. Oh Olfactory (I)
Once Optic (II)
One Oculomotor (III)
Takes Trochlear (IV)
The Trigeminal (V)
Anatomy Abducens (VI)
Final Facial (VII)
Very Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Good Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vacations Vagus (X)
Seem Spinal accessory (XI)
Heavenly Hypoglossal (XII)

7. Functions

8. Olfactory (I) Provides sense of smell
Damage causes impaired sense of smell

9. Optic (II) Provides vision Damage causes blindness in visual field

10. Oculomotor (III)
Some eye movement, opening of eyelid (innervates all extraocular muscles except lateral rectus & superior oblique)
Constriction of pupil (parasympathetic)
Focusing
Damage: drooping eyelid (ptosis), dilated pupil, double vision (diplopia), difficulty focusing & inability to move eye in certain directions

11. Trochlear (IV) Provides eye movement
Damage causes double vision (diplopia) & inability to rotate eye downward and outward

12. Trigeminal (V)

13. Trigeminal (V) Three Branches: Opthalmic Maxillary Mandibular
Main sensory nerve to face (touch, pain and temperature) and muscles of mastication
Damage produces loss of sensation & impaired chewing

14. Abducens (VI) Provides eye movement (lateral rectus)
Damage results in inability to rotate eye laterally & at rest eye rotates medially (strabismus = cross-eyed)

15. Facial (VII) Facial expressions Taste on anterior 2/3’s of tongue,
Salivary glands and tear, nasal & palatine glands
Damage: sagging facial muscles (ptosis and corner of mouth droops) and disturbed taste (no sweet & salty sensations)
i.e. Unilateral sagging facial muscles
Bell’s Palsy

16. Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Auditory/
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Provides hearing & sense of balance
Damage produces deafness, dizziness, nausea, loss of balance & nystagmus

17. Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Provides control over swallowing, salivation (parotid), gagging, sensations from posterior 1/3 of tongue, control of BP and respiration (receptors in carotid)
Damage results in loss of bitter & sour taste & impaired swallowing (dysphagia)

18. Vagus (X)

19. Vagus (X)
Provides swallowing, speech, regulation of viscera (somatic and visceral)
Damage causes hoarseness or loss of voice, impaired swallowing (dysphagia)
i.e. Neurocardiogenic Syncope
relatively new diagnosis
fainting spells

20. Spinal Accessory (XI) Swallowing, head, neck & shoulder movement
Damage: impaired head, neck & shoulder movement, head turns towards injured side

21. Hypoglossal (XII)

22. Hypoglossal (XII)
Tongue movements of speech , food manipulation & swallowing
Damage: inability to protrude tongue if bilateral damage
deviation towards injured side & ipsilateral atrophy if unilateral damage
i.e. Dysarthria
poor articulation

23. Activity
-within your assigned groups create a pneumonic to help you remember the cranial nerves and their order. It can be funny or serious. Create a brochure with your pneumonic and present it to the class.
Individually research a diagram of the cranial nerves using phone/ipad. Draw and label the diagram and add it to your notes. The diagram will be checked and graded.

24. Thank You