1. Eye piece Body Tube Arm Stage Stage clips Diaphragm Light Source Base
Revolving Nosepiece
Arm
Low power objective
Medium power objective
Stage
High power objective
Coarse Adjustment focus
Stage clips
Fine Adjustment focus
Diaphragm
Light Source
Base

2. Class starter: Examine the SI units below
Class starter: Examine the SI units below How many meters are there in a kilometer? 1000m How many centigrams are in a gram? 100cg How many milliliters are in 20 liters? 20,000ml

3. Measurement Systems
Measurements taken by scientists are expressed in the International System of Units (SI), the official name of the metric system.
The SI Units are used by all scientists so they share a common measurement system.
preferred by scientists b/c it is scaled in multiples of 10, making the system easy to use.

4. Measurement Systems Standard units
Volume = liters
Mass = grams
Length = meters
SI is a decimal system, so all relationships between SI units are based on powers of 10.
Most SI units have a prefix that indicates the relationship of that unit to a base unit.
Example: prefix kilo- means 1,000.
1 kilogram = 1,000 grams

5. Metric Units of Lengths and Equivalents

6. Lab Techniques
In the lab, scientists always keep detailed and accurate notes and perform precise measurements.
Microscopy
Sterile technique
Collecting data remotely

7. Lab Techniques
Scientists use microscopes to view objects and organisms that are too small to see with the unaided eye.
Sterile technique is a method of keeping unwanted microorganisms out of a lab in order to minimize the risk of contamination.
Scientists also collect data remotely using devices such as satellites. These devices help scientists conduct research that would not have been possible in the past.

8. Safety
Scientists must use caution when working in the lab or doing field research to avoid things like chemical burns, exposure to radiation, exposure to infectious disease, animal bites, or poisonous plants.
Carefully follow all guidelines and procedures for working safely in the lab. Know the location and proper operation of all lab safety equipment.
If an accident occurs while in the lab, remain calm. Make sure you are safe and that no one else is in danger. Then inform your teacher.

9. Class Starter
List all the characteristics that you have in common with a beetle.

10. Section 4: What Is Biology?

11. Biology: is the scientific study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.
Some of the branches of biology are
Biochemistry = chemistry of life
Ecology = study of relationships between living things and with their environment
Cell biology = study of life at the cellular level
Genetics = study of heredity
Evolutionary theory = study of changes in types of organisms over time.
Microbiology = study of microscopic organisms
Botany = study of plants
Zoology = study of animals
Physiology = study of the human body

13. Cellular Organization:
All living things are made of one or more cells.
A cell is the smallest unit capable of all life processes.

14. Homeostasis
All living organisms must maintain a stable internal environment in order to function properly.
The maintenance of a stable internal environment in spite of changes in the external environment is called homeostasis.

15. Metabolism
Living organisms carry out different chemical reactions in order to obtain energy.
The sum of all the chemical reactions carried out in an organism is called metabolism.
Sun = source of almost all of the energy used by living things

16. Responsiveness living organisms respond to their external environment.
Can you think of a way that you have responded to your environment today?

17. Reproduction Most living things can reproduce.
Reproduction is the process by which organisms make more of their own kind from one generation to the next.

18. Heredity
When an organism reproduces, it passes on its own traits to its offspring in a process called heredity.
Inherited characteristics change over generations. This process is called evolution

19. Growth All living organisms grow.
As organisms grow, many change. This process is called development.
Development differs from evolution because development refers to change in a single individual during that individual’s life.

20. How to read a ruler
Inches
centimeters (cm) & millimeters (mm)
Each line on your ruler corresponds to 1 millimeter (mm).
Each long line with a number underneath it corresponds to 1 centimeter (cm).
Look at the METER STICK. Identify the inches (in.) edge and the centimeters (cm) [or millimeters (mm)] edge. You will be measuring with the side marked centimeters (cm) [or millimeters (mm)].