1. Social Responsibility in Health Six religious perspectives
Fr. Joseph Tham, LC, MD, PhD
Faculty of Bioethics, Pontificio Ateneo Regina Apostolorum
Fellow, UNESCO Chair in Bioethics and Human Rights
Rome, Italy

2. 4th International workshop Mexico DF

3. Methodology

4. UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, art. 14
The promotion of health and social development for their people is a central purpose of governments that all sectors of society share.
Taking into account that the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition, progress in science and technology should advance: 
access to quality health care and essential medicines, especially for the health of women and children, because health is essential to life itself and must be considered to be a social and human good; 
access to adequate nutrition and water; 
improvement of living conditions and the environment; 
elimination of the marginalization and the exclusion of persons on the basis of any grounds; 
reduction of poverty and illiteracy. 

5. Judaism / Israel Religious and state policies coincide
Equality to all groups
Compatible with and guided by human rights standards

6. Islam Vision one: Vision two: Priority of worshipping God
Needs societal well-being and peace as condition of worship
Vision two:
No universal Islamic doctrine shared
Universal human rights applied to all humans

7. Christianity Who is my neighbor? Universal brotherhood Solidarity
Theosis, philantropia, diakonia—virtue based
Supererogation extended from individual to society

8. Confucianism Art 14.1 ok Art 14.2 problematic
Reject radical equalitarianism as a neo-liberal idea
Natural priority of care, from closed family members and extending outwards.

9. Hinduism Karma—fatalism Dharma—duties of compassion
Moksha—goal of liberation
Secular Indian Constitution—equality of all vs. caste system inherent inequality of all humans.

10. Buddhism Karma—causality and consequences, ethics of retribution.
Individual enlightenment—not concerned with social engagement
“Collective karma”—interconnection of all living beings, helping each other to attain salvation.

11. State vs Religion Should health care be public or religious?
Process of secularization
What does religion add? Crisis of identity of religious health care.
Apparent compatability between religion and state: Israel, Morroco, Thailand and India

12. Salus and Salvation Physical vs spiritual health Idolatry of health
Technological imperative
Hubris, or over-confidence. Equal universal health really attainable to all citizens of the globe? Rich countries help poorer ones?
Just distribution—limitless? Who decides

13. Duty or rights?
Supererogation without religious motives workable? Too optimistic view of humanity
Duties less pretentious, less demanding.
Duties not derived from human rights?
Needs human virtues
Justice, fortitude, prudence, temperance
Faith hope love
Spiritual motivation needed
Damien of Molokai, Nightingale

14. Social Responsibility
Common trunk of humanity, different fruits of expression
Judaism: universal equality
Islam: duty to God
Christianity: neighborly love
Confucianism: duty to family
Hinduism: balance of different duties
Buddhism: active compassion