1. Chapter 4 Section 4 The New Kingdom and Kush

2. A Woman Pharaoh
Queen Hatshepsut (hat-SHEHP-SOOT) was the first woman to rule as pharaoh.
She was the wife of a pharaoh that died and she took control upon his death.

3. A Woman Pharaoh
She wore a false beard reserved for the pharaohs alone.

4. Expanding Trade
During the Middle Kingdom pharaohs expanded the kingdom through war. Hatshepsut sought to expand the kingdom through trade.

5. Expanding Trade
Her biggest trade expedition crossed the Eastern Desert and Red Sea.
Large ships sailed south to an African land called Punt.
They brought back rare herbs, spices, live monkeys, and potted trees for making incense.

6. Monuments to Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut wanted a new kind of monument rather than the pyramid to honor her.
She had obelisk, a four sided shaft with a pyramid-shaped top, constructed in her honor.

7. A New Powerful Pharaoh
In 1279 B.C. Ramses II took the throne and would rule for 66 years.
He expanded the empire further south and east where it bordered the empire of the Hittites.

8. Hittites
Group of people who lived in modern-day Turkey and northern Syria.

9. War with Hittites Ramses led Egypt into battle against the Hittites.
No one really won the battle, but Ramses claimed victory.

10. Peace with Hittites
After the battle, Ramses negotiated the first know peace treaty in world history with the Hittites.

11. Abu Simbel
At Abu Simbel, in southern Egypt, Ramses had a temple constructed to honor him with four 66 foot tall statues of Ramses guarding it.

12. Death of Ramses and Decline of Egypt
Ramses died in 1213 B.C. when he was over 90 years old.
His long reign had given Egypt a stable government.
After his death things were never the same for Egypt.

13. The Kush Kingdom
As Egyptian power began to fail, the Nubians who had been ruled by Egypt rose up to take power.
The Nubian kingdom, called Kush, ruled over upper and lower Egypt from about 1070 B.C. until 671 B.C.

15. Decline of Egypt
1070 B.C. was the end of the New Kingdom and Egypt fell under the control of various outside invaders
Nubians 1070 B.C.
The Assyrians 671 B.C.
The Persian 525 B.C.
Alexander the Great and the Greeks 332 B.C.