1. IT253: Computer Organization
Tonga Institute of Higher Education
IT253: Computer Organization
Lecture 1:
Introduction

2. General Information IT 253: 4 Hours of lecture a week Course Web Page
All information will be given out in class and eventually posted on the course web page, including lecture notes, assignments, homework and grades. You should visit the webpage frequently and check for updates, especially if you have missed classes.

3. Grading Grading Policy Midterm 20% Final 50% Homework Assignments 25%
Class Participation/Attendance 5%
Late assignment policy
- each day late you will lose 5 percent
- when answers are on the website you can no longer hand in your work

4. Cheating Policy
Cheating and academic dishonesty is not accepted or tolerated
Any student found cheating on a testing material will automatically receive a zero for that assignment
Students are encouraged to study together, but to submit separate work for homework
There is no collaboration for tests
Students are expected to work together when assigned to work together and all group members should contribute equally to an assignment

5. How to do well in this course
Come to class and stay awake!
Course material is not simple, but can be mastered
Take notes for important things
Visit course webpage often. Review lecture notes for class and from other universities on the web
Ask questions

6. Course Overview Topics to be covered
Introduction to Computer Architecture
Data representation
Memory and Bit Operations/Logic
Instruction Set Architecture
Assembly Language (MIPS)
Computer Arithmetic
Processor
Memory (physical and virtual)
Buses and interrupts
I/O devices
Special Topics (if there is time): Pipelining, multiprocessor

7. Why learn Computer Organization?
As students of information and computer technology, it is vital to know the “inner” workings of the computer hardware and software in order to better understand effective programming principles, computer troubleshooting, debugging, operating systems, etc.

8. Why learn Computer Organization?
You want to be a computer programmer/information technologist
You have to learn programming as a start
You also have to understand the machine
Hardware: Processor, memory, disk, etc.
Software: Operating system, Programming Languages/Compilers
All types of computer workers should understand what is happening “beneath the hood” of the computer.
You want to make purchasing decisions as an “expert”
Learn the language behind computers

9. What we will learn The basic operation of a computer
Primitive operations (instructions)
Arithmetic
Instruction Sequencing and Processing
Memory
Input/Output
Understand the relationship between HW/SW
Interface design
High level programming to control signals
Software performance relies on understanding
underlying hardware

10. Brief history of computers
1822 Charles Babbage – “inventor” of computer
Made the difference engine and analytical engine
Would do mathematical equations based on a “stored program”
1936: Alan Turing –
The Turing machine, computability, universal machine
1946 – Eckert and Mauchly
ENIAC – first electronic computer (with vacuum tubes)
1947 John von Neumann
First to describe modern day computer, with central processor, memory, output, input

11. The Big Picture

12. Example Computer Setup

13. System Organization

14. What is Computer Organization

15. Forces affecting Computer Org.

16. Trends in Computers

17. Microprocessor Technology

18. Levels of Computer Representation

19. Instruction set interface

20. Summary Administrative matters Why Computer Organization is important
Big picture of computers
Every computer has 5 key components
(control, datapath, input, output, memory)
Computer hardware trends
Computer representation
NEXT TIME: Data representation