1. Inside Bacteria Describe how to use a light microscope
State the structural features of a bacterial cells and describe their functions
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

2. Bacterial cell structure
Draw this diagram and then use it to complete the table.

3. Bacterial Cell Parts
Bacteria are REALLY small! What cell structures do they have?
Plant cell
Animal Cell
Bacteria
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus containing chromosomes
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts (some cells)
Cell Wall
Vacuole
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
No nucleus. Circular loop of DNA
No mitochondria
(small) ribosomes
Plasmids (small loops of DNA)
Cell wall
May have flagella
May have slime coat

4. Dealing with sizes – standard form
Can you remember the names of all the size prefixes we learned in lesson 1 and 2?
What are they and what is their relationship to each other?

5. Standard Form
How would you compare the size of a bacterial ribosome (20nm) with a football (0.2m)?
If you convert them both to the same unit you get either one very big, or one very small number
E.g.: Football = 0.22m, Ribosome = m
Or Football = nm, Ribosome = 20nm
Figures with so many zeros are hard to read, use and understand.
Standard form can be used instead of having such long numbers

6. Standard form shows figures in the form of a number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10.
A x 10n Where:
A is a number between 1 and 10 and
n is the power of ten, also called the index number.
The index number (n) tells you how many places to the left or right of the decimal point you need to move your number to get it to where it should be if you were writing it out longhand.
If the real number A is bigger than one, count how many times you need to move it to the right towards the decimal point to get a number between 1 and 10. The number of times you move it is the index number (n) and it will be a positive number
If the real number A is smaller than one, count how many times you need to move it to the left towards the decimal point to get a number between 1 and 10. This time you the index number (n) will be a negative number

7. An example:
30000
Our number (A) is 30000
We need to move to the right four times so that we get a number between 1 and 10 (3).
This means that written in standard form is:
3 x 104

8. So is 3 x 104
If our initial number had been 31000, what would it be in standard form?
We would still have to move it to the right four times to get a number between 1 and 10, but now we would get a decimal
31000 = 3.1 x 104

9. Examples How would these standard form numbers be written long hand?
How would these numbers be written in standard form?
65000
120
750000
3230

10. Another example
Now the index number (n) is the number of times we need to move the number to the left to get a number between 1 and 10.
We have to move it 6 times, and because the number is smaller than 1, n is a negative number.
So is 5 x10-5
What would be?

11. Examples How would these standard form numbers be written long hand?
How would these numbers be written in standard form?
0.002
0.027

12. Dealing with sizes – standard form
How does standard form relate to the size prefixes?

13. Inside bacteria Quick Quiz
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14. Quick Quiz A bacterium is 20 µm long. How long is it in metres?
A bacterium is 5 µm wide. How wide is it in nanometres?
500 nm
What part of an animal cell controls the cell’s activities?
nucleus
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15. Quick Quiz What do ribosomes make? proteins
Name one part that a plant cell might have but an animal cell would not.
chloroplast, permanent large vacuole, cell wall
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16. Quick Quiz What do bacteria use to move themselves? flagella
Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic. What word describes bacterial cells?
prokaryotic
8 Name one structure that an animal cell would have but a bacterial cell would not.
nucleus, mitochondria
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17. Quick Quiz
9 What is this format for numbers called: A × 10n? standard form 10 What is 1 × 106 m written as an ordinary number? m
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