1. Cells

2. All living things are made of cells.
All of the living things in these pictures have something
in common about the way they are made up. What is it?

3. What is a Cell?
A cell is the basic building block of living organisms.
They were named by Robert Hooke who used the first microscope to look at cork in 1665.
He named the structures he saw cells because they looked like monks’ cells.

4. An etching of cork bark from Hooke’s 1665 first edition of Micrographia

5. Eukaryotic Cells Cells can be split into two main categories:
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus
Can you think of any examples?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
Eukaryotic cells also contain sub-cellular structures called organelles.
Bacteria
Plant and animal cells

6. Plant and Animal Cells – what can you remember?
Which is an animal cell and which is a plant cell?
Complete the worksheet to name the structures (organelles) you can remember in the plant and animal cells.
Write the function (job) of each cell part.

7. Animal Cell Plant Cell Vacuole nucleus Cell membrane Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
nucleus

8. Structure
Job
Nucleus
Contains genetic material / DNA – the set of instructions that controls the cell.
Cell membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Cell wall
Provides strength and support to plant cells. It is found outside the cell membrane.
Mitochondria
This is where aerobic RESPIRATION happens. This is the process that releases ENERGY from glucose.
Ribosomes
They produce proteins from amino acids (protein synthesis)
Vacuole
Stores cell sap. In plants this is a large permanent structure. It also helps support the cell.
Chloroplast
This is where PHOTOSYNTHESIS happens –the process where plants use sunlight to make glucose. Contains a green pigment called chlorophyll.

10. Estimating Size What is an estimate?
Use the scale bar to estimate the length and width of these cells.

11. Calibrating a microscope
How can we estimate the size of an object we are viewing down the microscope?
If we know the size (diameter) of the field of view, we use this to estimate the size of the object.
Put a ruler on the stage and focus on it on low power
Use the ruler to measure the diameter of the field of view in millimetres
Work out the total magnification for low power.
Use this to work out the diameter of the field of view on medium and high power.

12. Animal Cell
A picture taken using a microscope is called a micrograph.
Plant cell
Nucleus
Cell wall
Cytoplasm

13. Quick Quiz What is an estimation? an approximate value
Name one part you could find in a plant cell but not an animal cell.
cell wall, chloroplasts, permanent vacuole
What process happens in a mitochondrion?
aerobic respiration
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14. Quick Quiz What is one function of a plant cell’s permanent vacuole?
to help keep the cell rigid/to store substances
In which part of a plant cell is cell sap stored?
vacuole
In which part of a cell would you find chromosomes?
nucleus
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15. Quick Quiz
When you look down a microscope, what is the area that you see called?
field of view
Why can an electron microscope detect smaller structures in cells than a light microscope?
it has better magnification and better resolution
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16. Quick Quiz What is a picture taken with a microscope called?
micrograph
Some microscope pictures have a small line drawn on them with information about how long the line is when unmagnified. What is this line called?
scale bar
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