1. Bellwork Tuesday January 17th
Please take out your field notes and open to page 4.
Put today’s date at the top of the page along with the title: “TEXT STRUCTURE”

2. What is text structure?
Text structure is how information is organized in a passage
The structure can change multiple times in a passage

3. Types of Text Structure
There are seven (7) common types of text structure:
Cause and Effect
Chronological Order
Compare and Contrast
Order of Importance
Problem and Solution
Sequence/Process
Spatial/Descriptive

4. Cause and Effect The results of something are explained.
What is a cause?
Something that gives rise to an action
What is an effect?
A result of an action

5. Cause and Effect Example:
Becky Smith was invited to go to see “Fantastic Beasts” with a group of her friends. Becky’s mom told her she could see the movie, but only if she cleaned her room and washed the dishes. Becky was so focused on picking out the perfect outfit that she forgot about her mom’s rule. Because Becky did not do her chores, she was not allowed to go the movie.

6. Cause and Effect
With your neighbor, identify the CAUSE and EFFECT in the passage.
You have 1 minute.
Becky Smith was invited to go to see “Breaking Dawn” with a group of her friends. Becky’s mom told her she could see the movie, but only if she cleaned her room and washed the dishes. Becky was so focused on picking out the perfect outfit that she forgot about her mom’s rule. Because Becky did not do her chores, she was not allowed to go the movie.

7. Cause and Effect Cause Effect Becky did not do her chores.
Becky was not allowed to go to the movie.

8. Chronological Order
Information is organized in order of time.

9. Chronological Order
Jack and Jill ran up the hill to fetch a pail of water. Jack fell down and broke his crown and Jill came tumbling after.

10. Chronological Order
Re-write the example so that it is not in chronological order.
Do not make up your own sentences! Just rearrange the sentences!
Jack and Jill ran up the hill to fetch a pail of water. Jack fell down and broke his crown and Jill came tumbling after.
You have two minutes.

11. Chronological Order Share your version with your neighbor.
Do either of your versions make sense?
Why is chronological order so important?
You have two minutes to discuss.
Be prepared to share your responses.

12. Compare and Contrast Two or more things are described
Their similarities and differences are discussed/analyzed.

13. Compare and Contrast
Using a Venn Diagram (illustrated below), we’ll compare and contrast the Beowulf and Odysseus.
We will only be using facts—not opinions!
For example, we can discuss their locations, battles, time period, cultures, etc.

14. Compare and Contrast
Differences
Odysseus
Beowulf

15. Order of Importance
Information is expressed as a hierarchy or in priority
Either least important to most important or vice versa (Most important to least)

16. Order of Importance
Read the next slide and then decide with your neighbor what are the least and most horrible things you could do on a date.
You have 3 minutes.
Be prepared to share your ideas.

17. Order of Importance
Here are the three worst things that you can do on a date.  First, you could tell jokes that aren’t funny and laugh really hard to yourself.  This will make you look bad.  Worse though, you could anger your date.  One bad “joke” may cause your date to yell at you, thus ruining the evening.  But the worst thing that you can do is to appear slovenly.  By not showering and properly grooming, you may disgust your date, and this is the worst thing that you can do.

18. Order of Importance
What are the least and worst things you could do on a date?
Least:
Tell really bad jokes.
Worst:
Don’t shower before the date.

19. Problem and Solution
A problem is described and a response or solution is proposed or explained.

20. Problem and Solution Read the following passage.
Identify the problem and solution with your neighbor.
Write down your answers.
You will have 2 and a half minutes.

21. Problem and Solution
The volume in the hallway after lunch is an increasing problem. Loud students in the hallway disrupt the learning of those in class. Therefore, the teachers should enact a silent hallway policy to protect the learning of all students.

22. Problem and Solution What’s the problem? What’s the solution?
Students are too loud in the hallways.
What’s the solution?
Teachers should enact a silent hallway policy.

23. Property is being spray painted. Require a license to buy spray paint.
Problem and Solution
A problem and answer are suggested.
Problem
Solution
Property is being spray painted.
Require a license to buy spray paint.
Don’t confuse with cause and effect.
It is presented as a PROBLEM.

24. Sequence/Process Information is organized in steps.
A process is explained.

25. Sequence/Process Take out a piece of paper for this activity.
Marvin the Martian has just landed in Spring Grove, PA. Marvin is rather hungry and really wants to eat a bowl of cereal with milk, but he doesn’t know how! Write out each step Marvin must take to properly prepare and eat a bowl of cereal.
*You will have 2 minutes to write out these steps!
Be prepared to share your answers.

26. Sequence/Process Get a clean bowl from the cabinet.
Take out a clean spoon from the utensil drawer.
Pick the cereal you want.
Retrieve the milk from the refrigerator.
Pour the cereal into the bowl, but don’t fill it up all the way!
Pour the milk into the cereal, but don’t pour too much!
Use the spoon to scoop out the cereal and milk and bring it to your mouth.
Chew, swallow, repeat until the cereal is gone!

27. Sequence/Process
Thank you, earthlings!

28. Sequence / Process Writing
Information is listed step-by-step.
Explains how to do it or how it happens.
4. Flip omelet.
Don’t confuse with chronological!
3. Cook on one side.
2. Add cheese.
Does not occur at a specific time.
1. Crack a few eggs.

29. Spatial/Descriptive
Information is organized in order of space (top to bottom, left to right).
Example:
When you walk into my living room, my sofa and a bookcase is to your right. To your left are the stairs leading to the second floor. The second bookcase is directly in front of you. On top of the second bookcase is my navy teddy bear.

30. Spatial / Descriptive Writing
Racial is to race as spatial is to space.
Describes something in order of space.
Describes how something looks.
TIME DOESN’T PASS in these passages.
My bedroom
A television across from the bed.
Two windows on the west Wall
A bed in the middle.
A closet by the TV

31. Spatial/Descriptive Now it’s your turn!
Using spatial (space) clues, write a description of your living room.
Be prepared to share your responses.
You have 2 minutes to complete your descriptions.

32. Spatial/Descriptive
Before we share with the class, share your description with your neighbor.
You have one minute.

33. Practice Read each passage.
Determine how the text is organized: cause and effect, compare and contrast, chronological order, sequence / process writing, problem and solution, or spatial / descriptive.
Write your answer.

34. Popular Sports
Football and baseball are two of the most popular sports in the country. They have many things in common. For one, they are both team sports, and they both require players to advance to an end or “home” point on the playing field. However, football requires players to carry the ball to the end zone, whereas in baseball, it is the defending team that controls the ball while it is in play.

35. The Magic Blanket
One day while walking home from school, he found a magic blanket. When he covered himself with it, he turned invisible. At first he used his power to play all kinds of tricks on people. He’d turn invisible and hide things, or move a cup when someone was pouring juice to make a mess. He had a lot of fun. But then one day, he found that he couldn’t take the blanket off. He was just stuck invisible. He quit playing tricks on people, hoping that he’d be able to take the blanket off and rejoin society, but it didn’t work. He is still invisible somewhere right now, and he is very lonely.

36. Studying for a Test
Believe it or not, as important as it is, many students do not know how to study for a test. Well, studying for a test is easy. The first thing that you must do is take out your notes. Open your notes up to the section that you are supposed to review. Read what you wrote in your notebook. When you are done, close your notebook and see if you remember the ideas that you were studying. Still don’t remember? Open your notebook back up a try again.

37. Low Test Scores
Many students have been getting low scores on tests and this is upsetting to parents, teachers, and students. Low test scores show that teachers aren’t teaching effectively or that students aren’t learning. Either way it’s an issue with which we are concerned. I propose the following: any teacher who is giving a test should open up their classroom for study groups the night and morning before the test. Maybe by giving students extra opportunities to study, we can improve students’ test scores.

38. Peanut Butter and Jelly
After a long day at school, I came home and watched “Cops,” my favorite show. During the commercial breaks, I got up and made a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. I took the bread out of the cabinet, spread the jelly and peanut butter on the bread, and stuck the two pieces together. I enjoyed that sandwich as I watched the rest of “Cops.”

39. The Gym Room
The gym room at the high school down the street from me is huge. Along the North and South walls are bleachers that fold up during gym. Coach pulls the bleachers out for big games. At the end of the East and West walls are basketball hoops. The ceilings are very high and at the top of the gym are many large windows. The windows go all the way around the gym. There are also ropes that are either tucked away or hang from the ceilings in the middle of the gym. The ropes intimidate some students. That gym is my favorite place.

40. Eligibility
Being involved in after school sports and clubs is not a right. It is a privilege. Therefore, students have to meet eligibility requirements. If students have any “D”s or “F”s, they are not allowed to play. Also, if students have behavior issues in class, they cannot be on the team or in the club. Lastly, students need to keep good attendance. If students miss school, they most certainly cannot come to practice. Being on a team is a lot of responsibility. If students are not proving to be responsible, they will not be permitted to be in clubs or teams.

41. Answers Compare and contrast Chronological Sequence or process writing
Problem and solution
Spatial / descriptive writing
Cause and effect

42. Closure With a neighbor, answer the following questions:
What is text structure?
What are the seven types?
Pick two to explain to your neighbor.
Which is the most challenging structure for you?
*You will have 3 minutes.
*Be prepared to share your answers!