1. Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE)
Latex symbols and commands
Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE)
Dr. Ahmed Fouad Ali
Suez Canal University,
Dept. of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and informatics
Member of the Scientific Research Group in Egypt

2. Scientific Research Group in Egypt

3. Outline (1) 1. Operations 2. Subscripts and superscripts
3. Sums, integrals and products
4. Brackets
5. Multiline formulas and piecewise functions
6. Arrows

4. Outline (2) . 7. Function names 8. Matrices 9. Punctuation 10. Fonts
11. Spacing

5. Operations Command Symbols Latex syntax square root \sqrt{x+\sqrt{y}}
higher order roots
\sqrt[mn]{x+y} \quad \sqrt[3]{2}
root sign
\surd[x+y]
fractions
\frac{a+b}{x+\log\frac{Y}{Z}}
force large (display) fraction
\frac{a+b}{x+\log\dfrac{Y}{Z}}
continued fraction
1+\cfrac{2}{
  3+\cfrac{4}{
    5+\cfrac{6}{7+\dotsb}}} =
\frac{1}{\sqrt e - 1}
binomial
\binom{n+1}{k}

6. Operations Command Symbols Latex syntax prime y'' + y' + y = u mod
\begin{array}{l}
  a\bmod n=b \\
  a\equiv b\pmod n \\
  a\equiv b\mod n \\
  a\equiv b\pod n
\end{array}

7. Subscripts and superscripts
Command
Symbols
Latex syntax
subscripts
x_1, x_2 \quad a_{ij}
superscripts
x^y \quad e^{2j\pi t} \quad a_{ij}^2
multilevel subscripts
\sum_{\substack{
      1 \le m \le N, \\
      m\text{ odd}}} P(m)
nested sub/superscripts
a_{b_j} \quad e^{x^2}
sub- and superscripts before the symbol
{}_n C_k
subscripts and superscripts for large symbols
\sideset{^a_b}{'_c}\sum

8. Sums, integrals, and products
Command
Symbols
Latex syntax
sum
\sum_{i=1}^{+\infty}
product
\prod_{\alpha \in U}
integral
\int_{x_0}^{x_1}
contour
\oint_C
double and triple integrals
\iint_S \quad \iiint_S
even more integrals
\iiiint_S \quad \idotsint_S
integrals with alternative limit placement
\int\limits_\alpha^\beta \quad
\iint\limits_S

9. Sums, integrals, and products
Command
Symbols
Latex syntax
unions and intersections
\bigcup_{\alpha\in S} \quad
\bigcap_{V\in\mathfrak{V}}
direct sums, co-products, and so on
\bigodot \quad \bigoplus
\bigotimes \quad \bigsqcup
\biguplus \quad \coprod
\bigvee \quad \bigwedge

10. Brackets Command Symbols Latex syntax pairing brackets
( \; ), [ \; ], \{ \; \}
\lvert\;\rvert, \lVert\;\rVert
\lceil\;\rceil, \lfloor\;\rfloor
\langle\;\rangle
absolute value
\abs{u(t)}
norm
\norm{\hat{G}}_\infty

11. Brackets Command Symbols Latex syntax \left(
  \sum_{i=1}^{n} e^{2\pi j i^2}
\right)
( \sum_{i=1}^{n} e^{2\pi j i^2} )
\Biggl(  \biggl(  \Bigl(  \bigl( \quad
\Biggr\} \biggr\} \Bigr\} \bigr\}
\left[ \sum_j
      \left|\sum_i x_{ij}\right|^2
\right] ^{1/2}

12. Brackets Command Symbols Latex syntax \biggl[ \sum_j
      \Bigl|\sum_i x_{ij}\Bigr|^2
\biggr]^{1/2}
O\left(\left(
    m^2+n^2\right)\log n\right)
O\bigl((m^2+n^2)\log n\bigr)

13. Multiline formulas and piecewise functions
Command
Symbols
Latex syntax
piecewise functions/cases
a_k = \begin{cases}
  k & \text{for $k \le n/2$} \\
  n & \text{for $k=n/2$} \\
  k-1 & \text{otherwise}
\end{cases}
multiline equations (aligned at &)
\begin{split}\tan^2 x
  &= \sin^2 x/\cos^2 x \\
  &= 1/\cos^2 x - 1
\end{split}
systems of equations
\left\{\begin{array}{l}
  ax+by=r_1 \\
  cx+dy=r_2
\end{array}\right.

14. Arrows Command Symbols Latex syntax implication x^2=4 \implies x=\pm 2
if and only if
x^2=4 \iff x=\pm 2
tends to
x\to+\infty
gets
A\gets B+C
sizable single
A\xleftarrow{\rm today}B

15. Arrows Command Symbols Latex syntax horizontal arrows
B\xrightarrow{\rm tomorrow}C
C \xrightarrow
    [\text{(except Fridays)}]
    {\text{every day}} D
sizable single vertical arrows
\left \uparrow \sum \right\downarrow \;
\Big\updownarrow
sizable double vertical arrows
\left \Uparrow \sum
\right\ Downarrow \;
\Big\Updownarrow

16. Function names Symbols syntax \arccos \cot \ln \arcsin \coth \exp
\arctan
\csc
\gcd
\arg
\deg
\hom
\cos
\det
\inf
\cosh
\dim
\injlim

17. Function names Symbols syntax \varinjlim \limsup \projlim \ker
\varlimsup
\varprojlim
\lg
\log
\sec
\lim
\max
\sin
\liminf
\min
\sinh
\varliminf
\Pr
\sup
\tan
\tanh

18. Matrices Command Symbols Latex syntax matrix (square-bracketed)
\begin{bmatrix}
      \lambda \\
      1 & \lambda \\
      & \ddots & \ddots \\
      & & 1 & \lambda
\end{bmatrix}_{n\times n}
alternative delimiters
\begin{pmatrix}a\\b\\c\end{pmatrix},
\begin{Bmatrix}a\\b\\c\end{Bmatrix},
\begin{vmatrix}a\\b\\c\end{vmatrix},
\begin{Vmatrix}a\\b\\c\end{Vmatrix},
\begin{matrix}a\\b\\c\end{matrix}
inline matrices
(\begin{smallmatrix}1 && 2 \\
3 && 4\end{smallmatrix})

19. Punctuation Command Symbols Latex syntax dots between commas
x_1, x_2, \dotsc, x_n
dots between binary operations
x_1 + x_2 + \dotsb + x_n
dots between integrals
\int\dotsi\int
dots between multiplication signs
x(x+1)\dotsm(x+n)
colon (meaning “such that” or when defining domains)
f\colon \mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{R}
vertical and diagonal
\vdots \quad \ddots

20. Fonts Command Symbols Latex syntax normal text x+\frac{1}{x} \ge 2
\text{ for all $x>0$}
bold text, upright
\textbf{I am Jack's bold text.}
bold math, upright
AB\mathbf{CD}EF
bold math, italic
AB\boldsymbol{C}\boldsymbol{D}EF
poor
AB\pmb{C}\pmb{D}EF
calligraphic (uppercase Latin letters only)
\begin{array}{c}
\mathcal{ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \\
\mathcal{NOPQRTSUVWXYZ}\end{array}

21. Fonts Command Symbols Latex syntax
blackboard bold (uppercase Latin letters only)
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbb{ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \\
\mathbb{NOPQRTSUVWXYZ}\end{array}
sans-serif font
\mathsf{ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \\
\mathsf{NOPQRTSUVWXYZ} \\
\mathsf{abcdefghijklm} \\
\mathsf{nopqrtsuvwxyz} \\
\mathsf{ }\end{array}
typewriter
\mathtt{ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \\
\mathtt{NOPQRTSUVWXYZ} \\
\mathtt{abcdefghijklm} \\
\mathtt{nopqrtsuvwxyz} \\
\mathtt{ }\end{array}

22. Spacing Command Symbols Latex syntax default (none) x y
quad (width of )
x\quad y
double quad
x\qquad y
virtual space
\Gamma_{ij}^{\phantom{ij}k}

23. Thank you