1. Formulas in LATEX Esther Ezra

2. The math mode math environment: $, \( An in-text formula: $2(a+b)$, or \( 2(a+b) \) displaymath environment: $$, \[ Produces an unnamed display formula. Displays the formulas in the center of a new paragraph. $$ 2(a+b) $$, or \[ 2(a+b) \] These symbols start and end math mode. Never leave a blank line before a display formula.

3. Subscripts and superscripts Subscript: Use (underscore) – Superscript: Use ^ $X^{2y}$ $X_{2y}$ $X^{y^{2}}$ $X^{y_{1}}$ The characters ‘{‘, ‘}’ are special: “Invisible” in LATEX.

4. Fractions Fractions can be denoted by the / (slash) symbol For large fractions: Use the \frac command. $\frac{1}{2}$ \[ x=\frac{y+z/2}{y^{2}+1} \] Mostly used in the running text. \frac is used in an in- text formula

5. Roots Use the \sqrt command $\sqrt{x+y}$ $\sqrt[n]{2}$ How about roots of other orders? $x^{3/4}$ The n-th root The squared- root

6. Ellipsis: … Use the commands \ldots and \cdot $a_{1}, \ldots, a_{n}$ $a_{1} + \cdots + a_{n}$ $\vdots$ $\ddots$ Low ellipsis. Centered ellipsis. Use between commas. Use between symbols like +, -, =.

7. Mathematical symbols Greek letter Add \ to the name of the letter: Use $\theta$ for  and $ \Theta$ for  Calligraphic letters Used only for the twenty-six uppercase letters , , …, . $\cal{F}$  Relation symbols \leq  \geq  \equiv  \in  \notin 

8. Variable-sized symbols Mathematical symbols whose size depends upon the math enviroment $ \sum_{i=1}^n x_{i} $ $$ \sum_{i=1}^n x_{i} $$

9. Using parenthesis The size of the parenthesis should math the size of the mathematical expression. $O(\frac{1}{n})$ $O\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)$ $\left\{\frac{1}{n}\right\}$ ‘{‘ is a special symbol: Use “\{“

10. Equation environment Display the formula in displaymath node and numbers the formula. \ begin{equation} \label{eq:AS} X^2 + y^2 = z^2 (3) \end{equation } The document style determines how equations are numbered.

11. Thank you