1. Review to begin Latin 3 Advanced

2. - um - ī - is - ō - em - e - a *-ia - ōs -a -ēs -ae -ēī -am -em -ā -ē
1st Decl
2nd Decl. (Masc)
2nd Decl. (Neut.)
3rd Decl. (M&F)
3rd Decl. (Neut.)
i-stems
3rd decl.
(M/F)
(Neut.)
4th Decl. (Masc)
4th Decl. (Neut.)
5th Decl.
Nom Sing -a
-us/-ius /-er
- um
varies
-us -ū
-ēs
Gen Sing
-ae
- ī
- is
-ūs
-ēī
Dat Sing
- ō
-uī
Acc Sing
-am
- em
=Nom S
-um
-em
Abl Sing -ā
- e
nouns: -e
adjectives: -ī
nouns: -e adjectives: -ī -ē
Voc Sing
-e/-ī/-er
Nom Pl
- ae
- a
- ēs
*-ia
- ūs
-ua
Gen
- ārum
- ōrum
- um
*-ium
-uum
-ērum
Dat
- īs
- ibus
-ibus
-ēbus
Acc
- ās
- ōs
- a
Abl
- ibus
Voc

3. Rule: Since adjectives describe nouns, they agree with nouns in these
three respects

4. 1. subject 2. predicate nominative (none) Genitive
LATIN CASE
FUNCTION(S) of CASE
TRANSLATION
Nominative
1. subject 2. predicate nominative
(none)
Genitive
1. shows possession, 2. whenever “of”, 3. With adjectives of filling
’s, s’, “of”
Dative
1. indirect object (with verbs of giving, showing, telling, trusting)
(to/for)
Accusative
1. direct object 2. object of motion towards 3. exclamation
Ablative
1. accompaniment 2. means/instrument 3. manner 4. place where 5. object of motion away from 6. time when 7. time within which 8. agent (ab/ā) 9. cause 10. price/cost
WFBIOU = with, from, by/because of, in, on, out of, under
Vocative
Direct Address
Hey! O!

5. Noun ID Exercise…BkII:195-227… Laocoön and the Serpents
Noun ID Exercise…BkII: … Laocoön and the Serpents. Underline the nouns & mark their case. (N=Nom, G = Gen, D = Dative, Acc = Accusative, Abl = Ablative, V = Vocative)
O queen, you command me to renew unspeakable grief,
how the Greeks destroyed the riches of Troy…
Through the tricks and the skill of perjured Sinon, the thing was
credited, and we were trapped, by his wiliness, and false tears,
we, who were not conquered by Diomedes, or Larissan Achilles,
nor by the ten years of war, nor by those thousand ships.

6. Then something greater and more terrible befalls
us wretches, and stirs our unsuspecting souls.
Laocoön, chosen by lot as priest of Neptune,
was sacrificing a huge bull at the customary altar.
See, a pair of serpents with huge coils, snaking over the sea
from Tenedos through the tranquil deep (I shudder to tell it),
and heading for the shore side by side: their fronts lift high
over the tide, and their blood-red crests top the waves,
the rest of their body slides through the ocean behind,
and their huge backs arch in voluminous folds.

7. There’s a roar from the foaming sea: now they reach the shore,
and with burning eyes suffused with blood and fire,
lick at their hissing jaws with flickering tongues.
Blanching at the sight we scatter. They move
on a set course towards Laocoön: and first each serpent
entwines the slender bodies of his two sons,
and biting at them, devours their wretched limbs:
then as he comes to their aid, weapons in hand, they seize him too,
and wreathe him in massive coils: now encircling his waist twice,
twice winding their scaly folds around his throat,
their high necks and heads tower above him.

8. He strains to burst the knots with his hands,
his sacred headband drenched in blood and dark venom,
while he sends terrible shouts up to the heavens,
like the bellowing of a bull that has fled wounded,
from the altar, shaking the useless axe from its neck.
But the serpent pair escape, slithering away to the high temple,
and seek the stronghold of fierce Pallas, to hide there
under the goddess’s feet, and the circle of her shield.

9. ACTIVE verb ENDINGS on this side Future for 1st/2nd Conjugations
Verb Tenses
Present
Imperfect
Future for 1st/2nd Conjugations
Future for 3rd-4th Conj.
ENGLISH
1. verbs
2. am/is/are verbing
3. do verb; does verb 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

10. Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect 1. 2. 3.

11. I or II 2. am/is/are verbing 3. do verb; does verb
ENGLISH
1. verbs
2. am/is/are verbing
3. do verb; does verb
Principal Part Needed to Form
I or II
1st Person Singular = I -
2nd Person Singular = you
3rd Person Sing. = he, she, it
1st Person Plural = we
2nd Person Plural = you
3rd Person Plural = they
Infinitive
Imperative Sing.
Imperative Plur.

12. Future for 1st/2nd Conjugations
Present
Imperfect
Future for 1st/2nd Conjugations
Future for 3rd-4th Conj.
ENGLISH
1. verbs
2. am/is/are verbing
3. do verb; does verb 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Principal Part Needed to Form
I or II
1st Person Singular = I -ō -
-bō
-am
2nd Person Singular = you -s
3rd Person Sing. = he, she, it -t
1st Person Plural = we
-mus
2nd Person Plural = you
-tis
3rd Person Plural = they
-nt

13. Future for 1st/2nd Conjugations
Present
Imperfect
Future for 1st/2nd Conjugations
Future for 3rd-4th Conj.
ENGLISH
1. verbs
2. am/is/are verbing
3. do verb; does verb
1. was/were verbing
2. used to verb
3. kept verbing
4. verbed (repeatedly)
5. tried to verb
6. began to verb
1. will verb
1. will verb
Principal Part Needed to Form
I or II
1st Person Singular = I -ō
-bam
-bō
-am
2nd Person Singular = you -s
-bās
-bis
-ēs
3rd Person Sing. = he, she, it -t
-bat
-bit
-et
1st Person Plural = we
-mus
-bāmus
-bimus
-ēmus
2nd Person Plural = you
-tis
-bātis
-bitis
-ētis
3rd Person Plural = they
-nt
-bant
-bunt
-ent

14. -ī III 2. 3. 2nd Person Singular = you Perfect Pluperfect
Future Perfect
ENGLISH 1. 2. 3.
Principal Part Needed to Form
III
1st Person Singular = I -ī -
2nd Person Singular = you
3rd Person Sing. = he, she, it
1st Person Plural = we
2nd Person Plural = you
3rd Person Plural = they

15. -ī -istī -it -imus -istis -ērunt 1. had verbed 1. will have verbed
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
ENGLISH
1. verbed (once/simply)
2. has/have verbed
3. did verb (once/simply)
1. had verbed
1. will have verbed
Principal Part Needed to Form
III
1st Person Singular = I -ī
-eram
-erō
2nd Person Singular = you
-istī
-erās
-eris
3rd Person Sing. = he, she, it
-it
-erat
-erit
1st Person Plural = we
-imus
-erāmus
-erimus
2nd Person Plural = you
-istis
-erātis
-eritis
3rd Person Plural = they
-ērunt
-erant
-erint
Infinitive = “to”
-isse

16. I or II 2. am/is/are being verbed 2nd Person Singular = you
PASSIVE ENDINGS
Present
ENGLISH
1. am/is/are verbed
2. am/is/are being verbed
Principal Part Needed to Form
I or II
1st Person Singular = I -
2nd Person Singular = you
3rd Person Sing. = he, she, it
1st Person Plural = we
2nd Person Plural = you
3rd Person Plural = they
Infinitive
Imperative Sing.
Imperative Plur.

17. -or -ris -tur -mur -minī -ntur I or II 2. am/is/are being verbed
PASSIVE ENDINGS
Present
ENGLISH
1. am/is/are verbed
2. am/is/are being verbed
Principal Part Needed to Form
I or II
1st Person Singular = I
-or
2nd Person Singular = you
-ris
3rd Person Sing. = he, she, it
-tur
1st Person Plural = we
-mur
2nd Person Plural = you
-minī
3rd Person Plural = they
-ntur
Infinitive
-rī (3rd = ī)
Imperative Sing.
-re
Imperative Plur.

18. Future for 1st/2nd Conjugations
Present
Imperfect
Future for 1st/2nd Conjugations
Future for 3rd-4th Conj.
ENGLISH
1. am/is/are verbed
2. am/is/are being verbed 1. 2. 3. 4.
Principal Part Needed to Form
I or II
1st Person Singular = I -
-bor
2nd Person Singular = you
3rd Person Sing. = he, she, it
1st Person Plural = we
2nd Person Plural = you
3rd Person Plural = they

19. Future for 1st/2nd Conjugations
Present
Imperfect
Future for 1st/2nd Conjugations
Future for 3rd-4th Conj.
ENGLISH
1. am/is/are verbed
2. am/is/are being verbed
1. was/were (being) verbed
2. used to be verbed
3. kept being verbed
4. tried to be verb
5. began to be verbed
1. will be verbed
1. will be verbed
Principal Part Needed to Form
I or II
1st Person Singular = I
-or
-bar
-bor
-ar
2nd Person Singular = you
-ris
-bāris
-beris
-ēris
3rd Person Sing. = he, she, it
-tur
-bātur
-bitur
-etur
1st Person Plural = we
-mur
-bāmur
-bimur
-ēmur
2nd Person Plural = you
-minī
-bāminī
-biminī
-ēminī
3rd Person Plural = they
-ntur
-bantur
-buntur
-entur

20. IV 2. 3. Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect 1. IV + sumus IV + erāmus
PASSIVE ENDINGS
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect 1. 2. 3. IV
IV + sumus
IV + erāmus
IV + erimus
IV + esse

21. IV 2. was/ were verbed (once/simply) IV + erō IV + eris IV + erit
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
1. has/have been verbed
2. was/ were verbed (once/simply)
1. had been verbed
1. will have been verbed IV
IV + sum
IV + eram
IV + erō
IV + es
IV + erās
IV + eris
IV + est
IV + erat
IV + erit
IV + sumus
IV + erāmus
IV + erimus
IV + estis
IV + erātis
IV + eritis
IV + sunt
IV + erant
IV + erunt
IV + esse

22. Conjugation #: 1st Person: 3rd Number: Pl. Gender: Feminine
II. Verb Synopses – A great way to practice verb forms !!!
1. Principal parts + meaning: vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātus/a/um = to call
Conjugation #: 1st Person: 3rd Number: Pl. Gender: Feminine
tenses, etc. ↓
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE translation
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
Present =
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
Present Infinitive
Perfect Infinitive
Imperative Sing.
re =
Imperative Plural
minī =

23. Conjugation #: 2nd Person: 2nd Number: Sing. Gender: Masculine
2. Principal parts + meaning: videō, vidēre, vīdī, visus/a/um = to see
Conjugation #: 2nd Person: 2nd Number: Sing. Gender: Masculine
tenses, etc. ↓
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE translation
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
Present =
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
Present Infinitive
Perfect Infinitive
Imperative Sing.
re =
Imperative Plural
minī =

24. Conjugation #: 3rd Person: 3rd Number: Singular Gender: Masc.
3. Principal parts + meaning: vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus/a/um = to conquer
Conjugation #: 3rd Person: 3rd Number: Singular Gender: Masc.
tenses, etc. ↓
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE translation
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
Present =
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
Present Infinitive
Perfect Infinitive
Imperative Sing.
re =
Imperative Plural
minī =

25. 4. Principal parts + meaning:
4. Principal parts + meaning: feriō, ferīre, ferīvī, feritus/a/um = to strike Conjugation #: 4th Person: 1st Number: Singular Gender: M
tenses, etc. ↓
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE translation
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
Present =
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
Present Infinitive
Perfect Infinitive
Imperative Sing.
re =
Imperative Plural
minī =

26. Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
5. Principal parts + meaning: trādō, trādere, trādidī, trāditus/a/um = to hand over, surrender
Conjugation #: 3rd Person: 1st Number: Pl. Gender: F
tenses, etc. ↓
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE translation
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
Present =
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
Present Infinitive
Perfect Infinitive
Imperative Sing.
re =
Imperative Plural
minī =

27. Conjugation #: 2nd Person: 2nd Number: Plural Gender: M
6. Principal parts + meaning: iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus/a/um = to order
Conjugation #: 2nd Person: 2nd Number: Plural Gender: M
tenses, etc. ↓
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE translation
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
Present =
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
Present Infinitive
Perfect Infinitive
Imperative Sing.
re =
Imperative Plural
minī =

28. Conjugation #: 3rd-io Person: 2nd Number: Singular Gender: F
7. Principal parts + meaning: accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptus/a/um = to receive
Conjugation #: 3rd-io Person: 2nd Number: Singular Gender: F
tenses, etc. ↓
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE translation
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
Present =
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
Present Infinitive
Perfect Infinitive
Imperative Sing.
re =
Imperative Plural
minī =

29. tenses, etc. ↓ Latin ACTIVE ACTIVE translation Latin PASSIVE
8. Principal parts + meaning: audiō, audīre, audīvī, auditus/a/um = to hear
Conjugation #: 4th Person: 3rd Number: Plural Gender: Neuter
tenses, etc. ↓
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE translation
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
Present =
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
Present Infinitive
Perfect Infinitive
Imperative Sing.
re =
Imperative Plural
minī =

30. Conjugation #: 1st Person: 3rd Number: Pl. Gender: Feminine
II. Verb Synopses – ANSWERS
1. Principal parts + meaning: vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātus/a/um = to call
Conjugation #: 1st Person: 3rd Number: Pl. Gender: Feminine
tenses, etc. ↓
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE translation
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
Present
vocant = they call, they are calling
vocantur = they are being called
Imperfect
vocābant = they were calling, they used to call
vocābantur = they were (being) called
Future
vocābunt = they will call
vocābuntur = they will be called
Perfect
vocāvērunt = they (have) called, they did call
vocātae sunt = they have been called
Pluperfect
vocāverant = they had called
vocātae erant = they had been called
Future Perfect
vocāverint = they will have called
vocātae erunt = they will have been called
Present Infinitive
vocāre = to call
vocārī = to be called
Perfect Infinitive
vocāvisse = to have called
vocātae esse = (to have been called)
Imperative Sing.
vocā = call (!)
vocāre = be called (!)
Imperative Plural
vocāte = call (!)
vocāminī = be called (!)

31. 2. Principal parts + meaning: videō, vidēre, vīdī, visus/a/um = to see
Conjugation #: 2nd Person: 2nd Number: Sing. Gender: Masculine
tenses, etc. ↓
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE translation
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
Present
vidēs = you (do) see, you are seeing
vidēris = you are being seen (seem)
Imperfect
vidēbas = you were seeing, you used to see
vidēbāris = you were (being) seen (seemed)
Future
vidēbis = you will see
vidēberis = you will be seen (seem)
Perfect
vīdistī = you (have) seen, you did see
visus es = you have been seen (seemed)
Pluperfect
vīderas = you had seen
visus eras = you had been seen (seemed)
Future Perfect
vīderis = you will have seen
visus eris = you will have been seen (seemed)
Present Infinitive
vidēre = to see
vidērī = to be seen, to seem
Perfect Infinitive
vīdisse = (to have seen)
visus esse = to have been seen/to have seemed
Imperative Sing.
vidē = see (!)
vidēre = be seen, Seem (!)
Imperative Plural
vidēte = see (!)
vidēminī = be seen, Seem (!)

32. Conjugation #: 3rd Person: 3rd Number: Singular Gender: Masc.
3. Principal parts + meaning: vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus/a/um = to conquer
Conjugation #: 3rd Person: 3rd Number: Singular Gender: Masc.
tenses, etc. ↓
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE translation
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
Present
vincit = he conquers, he is conquering
vincitur = he is (being) conquered
Imperfect
vincēbat = he was conquering, he used to conquer
vincēbatur = he was (being) conquered
Future
vincēt = he will conquer
vincētur = he will be conquered
Perfect
vicit = he (has) conquered, he did conquer
victus est = he has been conquered
Pluperfect
vicerat = he had conquered
victus erat = he had been conquered
Future Perfect
vicerit = he will have conquered
victus erit = he will have been conquered
Present Infinitive
vincere = to conquer
vincī = to be conquered
Perfect Infinitive
vicisse = to have conquered
victus esse = (to have been conquered)
Imperative Sing.
vince = conquer (!)
vincere = be conquered (!)
Imperative Plural
vincite = conquer (!)
vinciminī = be conquered (!)

33. feriō = I strike, I am striking ferior = I am (being) struck Imperfect
4. Principal parts + meaning: feriō, ferīre, ferīvī, feritus/a/um = to strike Conjugation #: 4th Person: 1st Number: Singular Gender: M
tenses, etc. ↓
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE translation
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
Present
feriō = I strike, I am striking
ferior = I am (being) struck
Imperfect
feriēbam = I was striking, I used to strike
feriēbar = I was (being) struck
Future
feriam = I will strike
feriar = I will be struck
Perfect
ferīvī = I (have) struck, I did strike
ferītus sum = I have been struck
Pluperfect
ferīveram = I had struck
ferītus eram = I had been struck
Future Perfect
ferīvero = I will have struck
ferītus ero = I will have been struck
Present Infinitive
ferīre = to strike
ferīrī = to be struck
Perfect Infinitive
ferīvisee = to have struck
ferītus esse = (to have been struck)
Imperative Sing.
ferī = strike (!)
ferīre = be struck (!)
Imperative Plural
ferīte = strike (!)
feriminī = be struck (!)

34. Nouns and Declensions
A noun is a:

35. Underline the nouns in the following sentences and above each noun write “Nom” if it is the subject of the sentence, “Acc” if it is the direct object, “Dat.” if it is the indirect object, “Gen” if it shows possession, “ABL” if it is an object of a with/from/by/in prepositional phrase, “Acc” if it the object of an idea of motion towards, “Voc” if the noun is being addressed directly, and lastly “Nom” if the noun is used as a complement with a linking verb
1. Percy slew the minotaur with his sword.
2. Percy is a demigod or a half-blood.
3. Percy is the son of the god, Poseidon.

36. Underline the nouns in the following sentences and above each noun write “Nom” if it is the subject of the sentence, “Acc” if it is the direct object, “Dat.” if it is the indirect object, “Gen” if it shows possession, “ABL” if it is an object of a with/from/by/in prepositional phrase, “Acc” if it the object of an idea of motion towards, “Voc” if the noun is being addressed directly, and lastly “Nom” if the noun is used as a complement with a linking verb
4. Percy lives on Long Island, then moved from his home to Camp Half-Blood.
5. A centaur gave a special pen to Percy, and this pen could turn into a sword.
6. “O Annabeth, how can I ever thank you and Jasper for saving my life?”
7. Annabeth’s mother, Athena, gave her daughter the power of wisdom.

37. Define the following noun uses
Define the following noun uses. Remember some noun uses play off on the verb.
1a. Subject
1b. Complement
 2. Possessor
3. Indirect Object
4. Direct Object
5. Object in a Prepositional Phrase (with, from, by, in)
6. Direct Address:

38. LATIN CASE FUNCTION(S) of CASE TRANSLATION Nominative
In the chart below give the function(s) for each Latin case. Also give the basic translation
LATIN CASE
FUNCTION(S) of CASE
TRANSLATION
Nominative
1. subject 2. complement
(none)
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative

39. hasta, hastae_______ murus, -ī_______ ager, agr ī _______
Explain what a case is:
A declension is a system of noun case endings. In Latin there are 5 different declensions. So, a Latin noun belongs to one of the 5 declensions, and to that one only.
Identify the declension of the following words.
hasta, hastae_______ murus, -ī_______ ager, agr ī _______
cibus, cibi_______ senex, senis_______ vīna, vīnae_______
aqua, aquae_______ domina, dominae_______ annus, annī _______
liber, librī_______ hortus, horti_______ lux, lucis_______
pater, patris_______ mater, matris_______ narrator, -is _______
oculus, -ī_______ magister, magistrī_______
gladius, -ī_______

40. Case/Number 1st Declension (feminine mostly) 2nd Declension
(masculine mostly)
3rd Declension
Nouns
(fem & masc)
Adjectives
Nom/Voc
Singular -
Nom:
Voc:
Genitive
Dative
Accusative Singular
Ablative
Plural
Accusative

41. The 1st Declension How can you recognize a 1st Decl. Noun?
What gender are most 1st declension nouns?

42. The 1st Declension CASE SINGULAR ENDINGS PLURAL
Here are some 1st declension nouns!
aqua, aquae F.- water
auriga, aurigae M. - charioteer
femina, feminae F.– woman, wife
insula, insulae F. – island
puella, puellae F. – girl
scriba, scribae M. - scribe
silva, silvae F. – forest, woods
terra, terrae F. – earth, land
via, viae F. – road, way, street
vita, vitae F.- life
Nominative -
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative

43. LATIN FORMS ENGLISH TRANSLATION hast spear spears
Decline hasta, hastae F “spear” in all cases singular & plural & translate into English.
CASE/NUMBER
LATIN FORMS
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Nominative Sing.
hast
spear
Genitive Singular
Dative Singular
Accusative Sing.
Ablative Singular
Vocative Singular
Nominative Plural
spears
Genitive Plural
Dative Plural
Accusative Plural
Ablative Plural
Vocative Plural

44. Here are some 2nd declension nouns!
The 2nd Declension
How can you recognize a 2nd Decl. noun?
Masculine
Here are some 2nd declension nouns!
Neuter
CASE
SINGULAR
ENDINGS
PL.
Nominative -
puer, puerī M.- boy; (pl.) children
Genitive
hortus, hortī M. - garden
Dative
lupus, lupī M. - wolf
Accusative
ager, agrī M. - field
Ablative
saxum, saxī N. – rock
Vocative
macellum, macellī N. – market

45. ursus magnus the big bear ursī magnī urs magn the big bears
Decline ursus magnus, ursī magnī M “the big bear” in all cases & translate into English.
CASE/NUMBER
LATIN FORMS
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Nominative Sing.
ursus magnus
the big bear
Genitive Singular
ursī magnī
Dative Singular
urs magn
Accusative Sing.
Ablative Singular
Vocative Singular
Nominative Plural
the big bears
Genitive Plural
Dative Plural
Accusative Plural
Ablative Plural
Vocative Plural

46. Here are some 3rd declension nouns!
The 3rd Declension (Nouns)
How can you recognize a 3rd Decl. noun?
Masculine & Feminine
Here are some 3rd declension nouns!
Neuter
CASE
SINGULAR
ENDINGS
PL.
Nominative -
pater, patris M.- father
Genitive
mater, matris F.- mother
Dative
sidus, sideris N. - star
Accusative
flos, floris M. - flower
Ablative
nox, noctis F. – night
Vocative
lumen, luminis N. – light

47. flumen magnum the big river fluminis magnī flumin magn
One good thing about the 3rd declension is that masculine and feminine nouns follow the same pattern.  
Decline flumen magnum, fluminis magnī N “the big river” in all cases in the chart & translate into English.
CASE/NUMBER
LATIN FORMS
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Nominative Sing.
flumen magnum
the big river
Genitive Singular
fluminis magnī
Dative Singular
flumin magn
Accusative Sing.
magn
Ablative Singular
Vocative Singular
Nominative Plural
Genitive Plural
Dative Plural
Accusative Plural
Ablative Plural
Vocative Plural

48. The 3rd Declension Adjectives
How can you recognize a 3rd Decl. adjective?
1 termination (1 for M, F, and Neuter): par, paris
2 termination (most common: 1 for M/F, and 1 for Neuter): fortis, forte
3 termination (1 separate nominative for each gender):
celer, celeris, celere
Termination means how many individual forms in the nominative:

49. The 3rd Declension Adjectives Here are some 3rd declension adjectives!
Masculine & Feminine
Here are some 3rd declension adjectives!
Neuter
CASE
SINGULAR
ENDINGS
Plural
PL.
Nominative -
felix, felicis = happy, lucky
celer, celeris, celere = fast, swift
ingens, ingentis = huge
immortalis, immortale = immortal
par, paris = equal
loquax, loquacis = talkative
silens, silentis = silent
vetus, veteris = old
iuvenis, iuvene = young
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative

50. Decline equa celeris, equae celeris F “the fast mare” in all cases in the chart & translate into English.
CASE/NUMBER
LATIN FORMS
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Nominative Sing.
equa celeris
the fast mare
Genitive Singular
equae celeris
Dative Singular
equ celer
Accusative Sing.
Ablative Singular
Vocative Singular
Nominative Plural
the fast mares
Genitive Plural
Dative Plural
Accusative Plural
Ablative Plural
Vocative Plural

51. Here are some 4th declension nouns!
The 4th Declension
Masculine (Feminine)
Here are some 4th declension nouns!
How can you recognize a 4th Decl. noun?
Neuter (very few)
CASE
SINGULAR
ENDINGS
PL.
Nominative -
acus, acūs M.- needle
Genitive
fructus, frucūs M. - fruit
Dative
complexus, complexūs M. - hug
Accusative
manus, manūs F. - hand
Ablative
cornū, cornūs N. - horn, wing (army)
Vocative
genū, genūs N. – knee

52. How can you recognize a 4th Decl. noun?
When you look at a noun (adjective) ending, think of what case it is and number (singular or plural) and gender (feminine, masculine, or neuter). What gender are most 4th declension nouns?

53. exercitus tardus the slow army exercitūs tardī
Decline exercitus tardus, exercitūs tardī M “the slow army” in all cases
in the chart & translate into English.
CASE/NUMBER
LATIN FORMS
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Nominative Sing.
exercitus tardus
the slow army
Genitive Singular
exercitūs tardī
Dative Singular
Accusative Sing.
Ablative Singular
Vocative Singular
Nominative Plural
Genitive Plural
Dative Plural
Accusative Plural
Ablative Plural
Vocative Plural

54. The 5th Declension Feminine (Masculine)
Here are some 5th declension nouns!
CASE
SINGULAR
ENDINGS
PL.
Nominative -
rēs, rēī F.- thing, matter, circumstances
Genitive
rēs publica, rēī publicae F.- republic
Dative
diēs, diēī M.(F)- day
Accusative
spēs, spēī F.- hope
Ablative
faciēs, faciēī F.-– appearance
Vocative
maciēs, maciēī F.- thinness

55. How can you recognize a 5th Decl. noun?
When you look at a noun (adjective) ending, think of what case it is and number (singular or plural) and gender (feminine, masculine, or neuter). What gender are most 5th declension nouns?

56. diēs fēlix (the) lucky day diēī fēlicis
Decline exercitus tardus, exercitūs tardī M “the slow army” in all cases
in the chart & translate into English.
CASE/NUMBER
LATIN FORMS
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Nominative Sing.
diēs fēlix
(the) lucky day
Genitive Singular
diēī fēlicis
Dative Singular
Accusative Sing.
Ablative Singular
Vocative Singular
Nominative Plural
Genitive Plural
Dative Plural
Accusative Plural
Ablative Plural
Vocative Plural