1. Processor/Memory Chapter 3
Computer Hardware
Processor/Memory
Chapter 3

2. The System Unit
The box that holds the processor, memory, motherboard, interface cards, and possibly disk drives and other goodies

3. Data Representation Data is represented Digitally
internally represented as switches with two possibilities: off and on
logically represented as two numbers : 0 and 1
called a Binary Digit, or bit.

4. Data groupings Bit Byte -- collection of 8 contiguous bits
patterns ranging from to
256 different patterns
ASCII
EBCDIC
UNICODE -- two bytes
Parity used to detect (transmission ) errors

5. Motherboard Contains the system bus data bus address bus
expansion slots
memory slots
processing unit

6. Central Processing Unit
The place where the computing is actually done
Composed of two parts: the control unit and the Arithmetic and Logic unit
Control Unit
ALU

7. Control Unit Contains several registers Machine Cycle program pointer
instruction register
Machine Cycle
Fetch
Decode
Execute
Store

8. Arithmetic and Logic Unit
Do the actual processing
contain registers for manipulating data

9. Speed of the Processor
System clock pulses millions of times per second.
Each pulse is called a clock cycle
Each part of the Machine Cycle has a fixed clock length.
Words and Word Size -- how much data will fit in a register
Bus width -- how much data can be moved down the data bus

10. Primary Storage Integrated Circuits or RAM chips volatile
von Neumann architecture
memory addresses vs contents
memory “size” and address bus

11. Types of memory RAM simms, dimms roms, proms, eproms, eeproms flash
cache, L1 Cache, L2 Cache
cmos

12. Other stuff on the Motherboard
Expansion slots
parallel ports
serial ports
floppy disk connectors
IDE connectors

13. Number Systems and their relationship to computers
decimal
binary
hexadecimal