1. Chapter 3 The Fall of Rome

2. EQ and Standard
Essential Question: Why do civilizations rise and fall?
Standard: 7.1 Analyze the legacy of the Roman Empire

3. RoundRobin
With your group, recall what you know about the Roman Empire. The person with the longest hair will go first and you will have 30 seconds.
Listen carefully!!!

4. A Troubled Empire What time period was the Roman Empire in?
Where was the Roman Empire?

5. A Troubled Empire
Marcus Aurelius was the last of five emperors who reigned during the Pax Romana, a time of peace and progress.

6. Political Confusion
Rome’s government began to grow weak, while the army grew more powerful.
To stay in office, the emperor had to pay higher wages so that his soldiers wouldn’t turn on him.
Civil wars broke out across the empire.
In a span of about 50 years, ending in A.D. 284, Rome had 22 different emperors!!

7. Rome’s government grew weak
Society suffered as a result: Many no longer honored traditional values of duty, courage, and honesty. Dishonest government officials took bribes, and few talented citizens wanted to hold government office.
Interest and support for education declined, and many wealthy Romans stopped paying taxes. Most of the population was made of enslaved labor.

8. RoundRobin
With your partner, list the factors that caused Rome’s government to grow weak.

9. Economic Weakness
Because the government grew weak, so did its economy.
Roman soldiers and foreign invaders attacked farms and disrupted trade.
= Food shortages, and food prices soared.
People had less money
= so they bought fewer goods
= merchants saw profits decline, forcing many out of business
= Loss of jobs
To stop the decline, Rome produced more coins. However, they did not have a lot of gold and silver so the coins had less of these precious metals in them
= reduced value

10. Economic Weakness.
Farmers and merchants continued to raise their prices, which led to inflation.
RoundRobin with your partner to determine the factors that caused Rome’s economy to grow weak. The Person with the lightest eyes will go first.

11. Diocletian A general named Diocletian became emperor in A.D. 284.
Introduced reforms - political changes to make things better.

12. Reforms Built forts along the frontiers of the empire.
Divided the empire into four parts, each with its own ruler.
Set maximum prices for wages and goods.
Ordered workers to remain in the same job until death.
Made local officials personally responsible for the taxes their communities had to pay.

13. Constantine’s Rule
Diocletian left office in A.D. 305, the empire fell back into conflict until another general named Constantine became emperor.
Constantine reinforced Diocletian’s rules. For example, the sons of workers had to follow their father’s trades. The sons of farmers had to work their fathers’ lands, etc.

14. Splintering of the Empire
In A.D. 330, Constantine moved the capital from Rome to a new city. The Greek city of Byzantium became known as Constantinople.
When Constantine died a few years later, Theodosius took power.
Theodosius decided that the empire was too large to control from one seat of government, and it needed to be split into two separate empires – the western and eastern.

15. Invasion!!
In the late 300s and 400s, many Germanic tribes began migrating towards the boarders of the Roman Empire.
One tribe, the Visigoths, actually captured Rome itself in A.D Rome’s conquest by Alaric made it clear that the empire would not last forever.
In A.D. 476, a Germanic general named Odoacer seized control of Rome, and no Roman emperor ever ruled again in the Western Empire.

16. Rome’s Legacy
In your learning target notebooks on the back of 7.1, you will create a chart that chronicles the legacies of Rome.
You will draw a picture to represent each one.

17. Law and Government
Many beliefs about law and justice in the American legal system come from Roman ideas.
Everyone is equal under the law.
Innocent until proven guilty.
Require judges to decide cases fairly.

18. Alphabet
Many Western countries use the Latin alphabet, which had expanded from 22 letters to 26 letters.
Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian come from Latin
Many English words have Latin roots.
Latin phrases are part of the vocabulary of scientists, doctors, and lawyers.

19. Architecture
Architecture and construction also owe much to the ancient Romans.
Government buildings in Washington, D.C., and capital cities of many states often use domes and arches inspired by the Romans.
Concrete, a Roman development, remains a major building material today. Insert picture
Aqueducts were constructed to bring a constant flow of water from distant sources into cities and towns, supplying public baths, latrines, fountains and private households. I\t also acted as a sewage system.

22. Impact on Christianity
Adopted by Rome’s emperors in the A.D. 300s.
The Roman road system helped Christians travel throughout the empire quickly. Christian ideas were easily shared with other groups of people.

23. The Fall of Rome Review Constantine moves capital to Constantinople
*Take notes!
Constantine moves capital to Constantinople
Roman Empire was divided into two parts – the Western and Eastern Empires.
Rome was the capital in the west, Constantinople in the east.
The fall of Rome finally occurred when Germanic leader Odoacer took control.

24. Why the Byzantine Empire Thrived

25. 7.2
Summarize the consequences of the fall of the Roman Empire including the continuation of the Eastern Roman Empire as the Byzantine Empire, Justinian and the significance of Constantinople.

26. Constantinople
By A.D. 500, the multicultural Constantinople had become one of the world’s most advanced cities.
Its location was a major factor in the city’s success. It was the crossroad for Europe and Asia.
It was easy to defend

27. Started off by being called the “New Rome”, but over time the Roman influence faded. It was a blended culture.
More Greek influenced

28. Justinian’s Rule
Justinian ruled the Byzantine Empire at the height of its power.
Skilled general/strong leader
Governed with supreme power and controlled the military
Made all legal decisions in the empire

29. Theodora and Justinian
Empress Theodora was Justinian’s wife.
Participated actively in the government and helped Justinian choose government officials.
Helped Byzantine women win more legal rights.
At her urging, Justinian changed the law so that a wife could own land.

30. Crisis in A.D. 532
Theodora showed her political wisdom during a crisis in A.D. 532.
Angry taxpayers threatened the government, Justinian’s advisers urged him to flee.
Here’s what Theodora had to say.

31. Primary Source
"May I never be separated from this purple [royal color], and may I not live that day on which those who meet me shall not address me as mistress. If, now, it is your wish to save yourself, O Emperor, there is no difficulty. For we have much money, and there is the sea, here the boats. However consider whether it will not come about after you have been saved that you would gladly exchange that safety for death. For as for myself, I approve a certain ancient saying that royalty is a good burial-shroud."
—from "The Nika Riot," by Procopius

32. Urges him to stay and fight.
His army crushed the rebels, and he is able to restore order and become stronger.

33. Justinian’s Code He saw that the laws were disorganized and confusing.
Ordered a group of scholars to form a new legal code that would be known as the Justinian Code.
Has been the basis for the legal systems of almost every country in the world.

34. Military Conquest
Between A.D. 533 and 555, the Byzantine military conquered territories that were once part of the Roman Empire.
Italy, parts of Spain, and northern Africa.
During the mid-500s a deadly disease known to historians as “Justinian’s Plague” swept through Asia and Europe, killing millions including his army.