1. Chapter 6 Negotiating access and research ethics

2. Gaining access to data (1)
Physical access – key issues
Organisations may not wish to allocate resources
Requests for access may not be of sufficient interest
Failure to reach those who can give permission
Concerns about sensitivity and confidentiality
Perceptions about the researcher’s credibility
Doubts about the researcher’s competence

3. Gaining access to data (2)
Points to consider
Access as an iterative process
Obtaining consent from managers and participants
The nature and extent of the required access
Obtaining sufficient scope to answer the research question

4. Gaining access to data (3)
Virtual access - four types of online community
Bulletin boards for particular products or services
Independent web pages
Themed lists
Multiuser chat rooms
Adapted from Kozinets (2002)

5. Strategies to gain access (1)
Areas for consideration
Ensuring familiarity and understanding
Allowing sufficient time
Using existing contacts and developing new ones
Giving a clear account of purpose

6. Strategies to gain access (2)
Areas for consideration
Overcoming organisational concerns
Identifying possible organisational benefits
Appropriate forms of communication
Establishing researcher credibility

7. Research Ethics (1) Definition
‘The appropriateness of your behaviour in
relation to the rights of those who become the
subject of or are affected by your work’
Adapted from Saunders et al. (2009)

8. Ethical issues at different stages of research
Research Ethics (2)
Ethical issues at different stages of research
Source: Saunders et al. (2009)
Figure 6.1 Ethical issues at different stages of research (part 1)

9. Ethical issues at different stages of research
Research Ethics (3)
Ethical issues at different stages of research
Source: Saunders et al. (2009)
Figure 6.1 Ethical issues at different stages of research (part 2)

10. Research conduct is affected by
Research Ethics (4)
Research conduct is affected by
Code of ethics
Research ethics committees
General ethical issues
Netiquette

11. Five principles for research ethics (1)
Discuss intellectual property frankly
Be conscious of multiple roles

12. Five principles for research ethics (2)
Follow informed-consent rules
The purpose of the research, expected duration and procedures.
Participants' rights to decline to participate and to withdraw from the research once it has started.
Reasonably foreseeable factors that may influence their willingness to participate, such as potential risks, discomfort or adverse effects.
Any prospective research benefits.
Limits of confidentiality
Incentives for participation.
Who participants can contact with questions.

13. Five principles for research ethics (3)
Respect confidentiality and privacy
Tap into ethics resources

14. The nature of participant consent
Research Ethics (5)
The nature of participant consent
Source: Saunders et al. (2009)
Figure 6.2 The nature of participant consent

15. Data analysis and reporting
Related issues
Sensitive personal data
Confidentiality and anonymity
Protection of research participants
Ethical use of data analysis and conclusions