1. C.H.E.G.G. Review

2. Culture- The way of life of a group of people
Can you think of ways that your culture influences your life?

3. What is culture?

4. Elements of culture Language Shelter Clothing Economy Religion
Celebrations
Education
Values
Climate
Government/Laws
Recreation/Entertainment
Music/Dance

5. Watch This!
(People from Sudan move to the USA)
What challenges do you think the people from Sudan will have when coming to America for the first time?

6. What is History? History- The study of events from the past
Archaeologist – a person who studies human history using artifacts
Artifact- a human-made object

7. How do we keep track of history?
Timelines are a common way to keep track of history.
Humans started keeping track of time in Year 1.
Years before Year 1 are referred to as B.C.E (Before the Common Era)
Years after Year 1 are referred to as C.E.(Signaling the start of the Common Era). You may also hear this called A.D. (which stands for Anno Domini and means “the First Year”)

8. Think of B. C. E. years as negative numbers
Think of B.C.E. years as negative numbers. The further you get from Year 1, you go further back in time
C.E. years start at Year 1 and go all the way up until present day (Year 2015)

9. Plot the following events on the timeline
3100 BC: King Menes unifies Upper & Lower Egypt
1754 BC: Hammurabi’s Code is written
70 CE: The Colosseum is built in Ancient Rome
500 CE-1500 CE: The Middle Ages
690 CE: Empress Wu Chao becomes the first female ruler of China
1492 CE: Christopher Columbus lands in the Bahamas

10. What is Economics?
Economics- production, distribution, and use of goods and services
The study of how people meet their needs

11. 3 Types of Economic Systems
1) Market 2) Command 3) Traditional

12. Market Economy
Decisions made by individuals (what to make, sell and buy) supply and demand
Based on trade and competition
Also called free markets or capitalism
Some government regulation (laws, taxes)
USA, Great Britain, Canada, France, and Japan have a market economy

13. Command Economy Central government alone makes decisions
Also known as communism
No incentive to work harder
Dictates lives of individual workers
Manages all elements of production
China, Cuba, Vietnam, and North Korea are the world’s major communist countries

14. Traditional Economy based on agriculture
Most families in a traditional economy only grow enough for themselves
Traditional economies are usually poor. The people concentrate on survival, not making money
Usually found in 3rd world countries
Bangladesh and Ivory Coast still have traditional economies

15. Supply and Demand
We use Supply and Demand to determine how much goods will cost
The more of something you have, the less valuable it becomes

16. Cultural Diffusion The spread of cultural characteristics
Foods, music, clothing, ideas, technology

17. Government
A government is a body that has the power to make and enforce laws within an organization or group.
Why do we need government?
(LA Riots – 1992)

18. Types of Government There are many forms of government: Democracy
Communism
Monarchy
Dictatorship

19. Democracy Rule by a government of elected officials
The people choose who they want to lead them
Example:
The United States

20. Democracy
2 Types:
Direct Democracy- Citizens participate directly in government.
Example: Ancient Greece
2) Representative Democracy- Citizens elect leaders to represent them
Example: USA

21. Communism
A system in which the government controls all social and economic systems
Everything is owned by “the people”
Basic freedoms are limited
Example:
China has been under Communist rule since 1949

22. Monarchy A government ruled by a King or Queen. Based on heredity
Example:
Saudi Arabia
King Al Saud has ruled Saudi Arabia since 2005

23. Monarchy
2 Types:
Absolute Monarchy- The ruler has all of the power and is not limited by laws.
2) Constitutional Monarchy- The ruler has power, but laws are in place to make sure the ruler does not abuse their power.

24. Dictatorship Ruled by one individual or a small group.
The people have limited freedoms
Citizens do not have a choice when electing leaders or making laws.
Example:
North Korea
Kim Jong-il ruled North Korea for over 50 years
And was referred to as the “Supreme Leader”

25. What is Geography?
Geography- the study of the earth, including climate, natural resources, landforms, and the division of land into continents and countries
“Geo” comes from Latin and means “the Earth”

26. Landforms- Features of the earth
Mountains
Rivers
Lakes
Oceans
Islands
Deserts
Peninsula
Archipelago
Canyon
Plains
Delta
Plateau

27. Climate- Weather conditions over a long period of time
Climate- Weather conditions over a long period of time. This includes temperature and rainfall.
Examples:
Desert
Rainforest
Tundra
Subtropical
Temperate Forest

28. 5 Themes Location- Where is it?
Absolute- A specific location. This can be coordinates on a map or an address
Relative- A location in relation to something else. Ex. 2 blocks, close to the railroad tracks

29. 5 Themes What makes Piedmont unique from any other place?
Place- An area that is defined by everything in it. All places have features that give them personality and distinguish them from other places.
All places are unique
What makes Piedmont unique from any other place?

30. 5 Themes
Region- A region is an area that is defined by certain similar characteristics.
North Carolina has 3 regions- Mountain, Piedmont, and Coastal

31. 5 Themes
Movement- The way people, products, information and ideas move from one place to another

32. 5 Themes
Human-Environment Interaction- how people adapt to the environment and how they change it