1. PHED 3 Contemporary Issues in Sport Deviance in Sport
A2 PE
PHED 3
Contemporary Issues in Sport
Deviance in Sport

2. Why has there been an increase in sport related prosecutions?
There has been more media attention surrounding transfer of players in the Bosman ruling. As elite sport becomes more commercialised, there is higher stakes for players and officials involved. This increase in awareness in the media has led to increased police attention.
There has been increase in lawyers who specialise in sport law. There has been more education for players, managers and coaches as to what the law says therefore there is more chance it will be used.
Stakes for individuals are much higher there is much greater chance for individuals to use the law to prosecute against others who treat them unfairly.

3. Sports Legislation in Relation to Performers
They have employment protection , the Bosman ruling stated that players have the freedom to change clubs out of season , the existing club can demand a transfer fee.
Players in the EU can move freely around clubs in the EU without restriction.
If a player has been found to take drugs they will face punishment from the NGBs, players have right to appeal if they feel the test is not correct. They can receive bans up to 4 years,
NGBs have rules that prevent players from illegally betting in games to prevent fixing of games.
Player violence is controlled by NGBs, they can receive bans or fines however players can be prosecuted if they are extremely violent.

4. Sports Legislation in Relation to Officials
Officials are open to investigation if it is believed they have been bribed to fix games.
Referees have a duty of care, if a player is injured and it is found to be the referees fault and the injury could have been prevented they are liable for prosecution.
Organisations must protect referees and not put them in situations where they are endangered.

5. Sports Legislation in Relation to Spectators
Law has bought in safety procedures for spectators to protect against hooliganism that includes the use of CCTV, increased police presence, sharing of info of known hooligans between police forces, all seated stadiums, alcohol restriction sales, removal of passports from hooligans to stop travel abroad.
Public order acts have been introduced eg in the case of pitch invasions, spectators can be prosecuted if they are violent and can be banned from games. Black market ticket sales are also restricted.

6. Law in relation to managers, coaches and officials.
Breaking of commercial rules eg involving player transfer will result in the managers or club directors being held responsible by law.
Owners and club directors have responsibility to fans, they have to ensure health and safety for the supporters, in co operation with other police forces. Eg the Taylor report was introduced to bring in all seated stadiums, bans on alcohol sales and crush barriers.