1. The Constitutional Convention
Who were the leading delegates to the Constitutional Convention?
What were the main differences between the two rival plans for the new Constitution?
What compromises did the delegates have to reach before the Constitution could be signed?

2. Leading Delegates James Madison
Constitutional Convention began on May 25-Sept. 17, every state except Rhode Island sent representatives (55) – Philadelphia
James Madison
ideas on democratic government influenced others
“Father of the Constitution”
Benjamin Franklin oldest delegate
George Washington
President of Convention

3. Rival Plans for the New Constitution
Chapter 7, Section 2
Virginia Plan
Purposed by Edmund Randolph and James Madison of Virginia
New Jersey Plan
Purposed by William Paterson of New Jersey
Supported by large states
Supported by small states
Strong national government with three branches.
legislative branch—passes laws
executive branch—carries out laws
judicial branch—courts would decide if laws were carried out fairly
Legislative branch—two houses Seats awarded on basis of population. Larger states would have more representatives than smaller states.
Legislative branch—one house Each state gets one vote. Small states and big states would have equal representation.
Strong national government with three branches.
legislative branch—passes laws
executive branch—carries out laws
judicial branch—courts would decide if laws were carried out fairly

4. Great Compromise Proposed by: Roger Sherman two-house legislature:
House of Representatives— based on state’s population.
Senate—equal representation
Each state would have two senators

5. Three-Fifths Compromise
Southern states wanted to include slaves in the population count for representation in the House.
Northern states opposed counting slaves in the state’s population to determine representation in the House.
Slaves could not vote & should not be counted.

6. Three-Fifths Compromise
Three-fifths of the slaves would be counted in the state’s population when determining representation in the House.

7. Slave Trade Compromise
Northerners wanted to ban the slave trade.
Southerners did NOT - their economy depended on slave labor
Congress would not outlaw the slave trade for 20 years.
No state could stop a fugitive slave from being returned.

8. Six Goals of the Preamble
To form a more perfect union
The states work together as one unified nation, not as separate nations.
To establish justice
The justice system requires that the law be applied fairly to every American.
To ensure domestic tranquillity
The government can ensure domestic tranquillity, or peace and order at home.
To provide for the common defense
To protect citizens against foreign attack, the national government can raise armies and navies.
To promote the general welfare
The national government promotes the general welfare, or the well-being of all its citizens.
To secure the blessing of liberty
A major goal of the Constitution is to protect the liberty, or freedom, of Americans.

9. Articles, Constitution or Both?
A) Created a president
Articles, Constitution or Both?
Both
Articles
Constitution
Decide whether each statement applies to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution, or both. A

10. Articles, Constitution or Both?
B) Created a government
Articles, Constitution or Both?
Both
Articles
Constitution
Decide whether each statement applies to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution, or both. A B

11. Articles, Constitution or Both?
C) Had one branch of government
Articles, Constitution or Both?
Both
Articles
Constitution
Decide whether each statement applies to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution, or both. A C B

12. Articles, Constitution or Both?
E) Created a court system
Articles, Constitution or Both?
Both
Articles
Constitution
Decide whether each statement applies to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution, or both. A C B E

13. Articles, Constitution or Both?
G) Created a Congress
Articles, Constitution or Both?
Both
Articles
Constitution
Decide whether each statement applies to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution, or both. A C G B E

14. Articles of Confederation
A New Idea!
Articles of Confederation
New Idea
1 Branch
Legislative (ONE HOUSE)—makes laws
3 Branches
Legislative (TWO HOUSES)

15. The Constitution Solution
Legislative:
Makes laws
Divide Congress Into Two Houses
Senate
House of Representatives
Each state gets 2 votes.
The more people the state has, the more votes it gets!
Articles – Legislature: ONE HOUSE
Executive:
Carries out laws
Judicial:
Interprets laws