1. Industrialization
Unit #5

3. Essential Questions
Why did the Transportation Revolution help industrial growth in the United States?
What is a monopoly?

4. Robber Barron’s—Captains of Industry
Positive Aspects
Negative Aspects
Increased the supply of goods to the markets
Created factories and city jobs
Philanthropists gave back to the community
Founded museums, libraries and universities
Built their fortune exploiting the lower class and immigrants
Influenced government
Lobbying, interest groups, spoils system
Reduced competition
Created monopolies and trusts that drove prices up
Exploited workers
Long working hours
Dangerous working conditions
Child labor

6. Essential Question—Robber Barrons
Why do you think the Industrial leaders were able to take advantage of their workforce?

7. Andrew Carnegie Scottish Immigrant “Rags to riches” story
1873 bought a steel mill
Carnegie Steel gradually bought
business’ in all phases of production

9. Cornelius Vanderbilt
Consolidated (bought and grouped together) several large railroads
“why do I care about the law? The public be damned”
Controlled the majority of railroads= determine the price for transportation of goods (drove the price up)

11. John D. Rockefeller Charged 25-50% less than his competitors
Forced out his competition with lower prices
Formed a trust (monopoly) of oil refiners
Purchased all independent refineries and created one Standard Oil Company
Controlled all oil

13. Essential Question— Carnegie, Vanderbilt and Rockefeller
Describe and analyze how Carnegie, Vanderbilt and Rockefeller are similar and how they are different?

15. Social Darwinism Darwin’s survival of fittest is applied to society
Those that are successful are the fittest and strongest
It is against nature to help the weak
This government should allow business to develop naturally.

16. Essential Question— Social Darwinism
How could Industrialists (Robber Barrons) use this theory to justify or prove the money they were making?
How could Carnegie, Vanderbilt and Rockefeller justify their monopolies using the idea of Social Darwinism?

17. Urbanization

18. Tenement Apartments and Urbanization
City populations grew faster than the construction of new houses
Urbanization was faster than construction
Tenements —places where immigrants and working-class families could pay little for rent and crowd into apartments

20. Essential Questions—Urbanization and Tenements
From 1860—1900, what grew more: urban living (cities) or rural life (farm land)?
Use evidence from the graph to describe your respsonse
Why did tenements develop in cities? Who lived in tenements?
How would living in tenements be harmful to city residents?
Use evidence from the images to describe your opinion

21. Industrialization —Changing Workforce
Women and children went to work because families couldn’t survive on one income
Working conditions were unsafe and incredibly dangerous

23. Essential Questions—Changing Workforce
Why do you think this shift happened? What was happening in America during this time period)
Describe the difference between the American workforce in 1860 versus 1900

24. “Old” versus “New” Immigration
New: 1865—1920s
Came from NORTHERN and WESTERN Europe
Reasons for coming (pull factors):
Crop failure in Ireland, revolutions in Germany, escape political persecution, better economic opportunities
Moved to cities in Northeast and farms in the Midwest
Came from SOUTHERN and EASTERN Europeans, CHINA and JAPAN (from Asia)
Reasons for coming (pull factors):
Political freedom and economic opportunities
Moved to urban areas (when looking for work)
Chinese and Japanese settled on the West Coast

26. Essential Question– Immigration
As European Immigrants arrived at New York City, specifically Elis Island, which was where Immigrants were checked and released in to the United States, they passed the Statue of Liberty.
In your opinion, what did the Statue of Liberty represent to Immigrants as they entered the United States?

27. Social Reaction to Immigration
Nativism—belief that people born in America are superior to immigrants
Literacy Tests —test of a potential voter’s ability to read and write (to prevent former slaves and immigrants from voting)

28. Legal Reaction to Immigration
*Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Law limiting Chinese immigration
Emergency Quota Act of 1921
Drastically reduced amount of immigrants allowed in to America
*National Origins Act of 1924
Reduced immigration/ was biased and was in favor of people from Northern and Western Europe

30. Essential Question— Reactions to Immigration
Why do you think Nativism developed?
How did Nativism influence America socially and legally?

31. Immigrants and American Culture— 3 Theories
1) Assimilation – immigrants become Americanized as they adopt American culture, appearance and language

33. Immigrants and American Culture— 3 Theories
2) “Melting Pot” Theory
People from various cultures combine to create a new, unique culture in America

34. Immigrants and American Culture— 3 Theories
3) Pluralism
Groups do not always lose their distinctive characters
People can live side by side with each group contributing in different ways
Plurals means “many”

35. Contribution of Immigrants in American Society and Economy
Old Immigration (1776—1865)
New Immigration (1865—1920s)
Irish immigrants constructed the Erie Canal and big buildings in large cities like New York and Chicago
German immigrants moved to areas in upstate NY, Pennsylvania and the mid-West and became successful farmers
Japanese and Chinese immigrants constructed the Transcontinental Railroad and other railroads in the West

36. Essential Question—Immigrants and American Culture
Which theory (assimilation, melting pot or pluralism) do you think represents our current “American” society? Please explain with evidence

37. Writing Summary Historical Context: Task:
Industrialization and growth of American Factory System caused Urbanization and Immigration to increase at a rapid rate. In a full body paragraph with a topic sentence, supporting details and an explanation of your supporting details.
Task:
Describe why Industrialization led to growth of Cities and increased immigration, along with why social conflicts between American Citizens and New Immigrants developed…