1. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards

2. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Introduction:
The most vital element in electronic circuits and equipment's is the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). It is also possible to build an electronic circuit with bread boards and zero boards, but the method is a low level and less efficient one wherein the designing circuit is prone to damage and the designing involves a complex process of placing the components of the circuit.

3. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
What is a Printed Circuit Board?
Electronic circuits in engineering and industry are normally manufactured by using printed circuit boards (PCBs).
These boards are made up of special materials.
That do not conduct electricity such as fiber and glass.
The circuits are designed on the boards with copper tracks.
Instead of wires for the conduction of electricity between the electronic components.

4. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
What is a Printed Circuit Board?
The electronic components are fixed in their respective positions.
By drilling holes on the board, placing the components.
Then soldering them in appropriate positions so that the copper tracks and components together form a circuit.
It offer quick functioning, access, control, monitoring and precise and exact results when compared to other wiring methods based devices.

5. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
What is a Printed Circuit Board?
The printed circuit boards used in all electronic products such as
Automotives
Wireless Devices
Robotic applications

6. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
The below figure shows how the circuit is arranged on a PCB with copper layer.
555 Timer PCB Circuit
555 Timer Printed Circuit Board

7. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Designing Process of a PCB
There are numerous ways available for designing PCBs.
Circuit board design can be manufactured as bulk using several machines in PCB fabrication industries Including .
Drilling
Punching
Plating

8. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Designing Process of a PCB
Final fabrication processes that are performed through highly automated machines.
Laser drilling with CNC machines
Automatic plating machines
Strip etching machines
Use of optical inspection equipments, flying probe testers for electrical testing of printed circuit board process result in high-quality PCBs (with a greater production yield).

9. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step1: Design the PCB Circuit With a Software
Draw the schematic circuit diagram with the PCB layout software.
Using CAD software, Eagle and Multisim software. 
 This type of PCB design software contains a library of components that can be used to build the circuit.
It allows your to change the circuit design’s position ,modification according to your convenience and requirement.

10. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step1: Design the PCB Circuit With a Software
We have selected Eagle software to design the circuit and its procedure is as follows:
Open the Eagle circuit board design software.
A window with a menu bar appears.
Click on the file menu.
Select ‘new design’ from the drop-down menu.
Click on the library menu.

11. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step1: Design the PCB Circuit With a Software
Select ‘pick devices/symbol’ from the drop-down menu.
Select a relevant comment by double clicking on it.
so that the component appears on the window.
Add all the components and draw the circuit with proper connections as shown in the figure.

12. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step1: Design the PCB Circuit With a Software

13. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step1: Design the PCB Circuit With a Software
Enter the rating of each component according to the requirement.
Go to Command Toolbar and click Text editor varriages, click on the Varriages, and then close the window.
Next, a black screen appears which is of the layout or the film diagram of the circuit as shown in the below figure, and save this as an image format.

14. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step2: Film generation
The film is generated from the finalized circuit board diagram of the PCB layout software which is send to the manufacturing unit where the negative image or mask is printed out on a plastic sheet.

15. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step3: Select Raw Material
The bulk of the printed circuit board is made with an unbreakable glass or fiberglass.
Having copper foil bonded unto one or both the sides of the board.
The PCBs made from unbreakable paper phenolic with a bonded copper foil.
These are less expensive and are often used in household electrical devices.

16. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step3: Select Raw Material
Mostly industry standard thick, copper clad laminate, either single or double sided board is required.
Panels may be sheared to contain May boards of different sizes.

17. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step4: Preparing Drill Holes
Machines and carbide drills are used to put holes on the printed circuit board.
There are two types of machines available to drill the PCBs.
They include hand machines and CNC machines.
The hand machines require human intervention or effort to drill the holes.
CNC machines are computer-based machines.

18. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step4: Preparing Drill Holes
It work-based on the machine timetables or programs that run both automatic as well as manually.
The drilled pattern is stored in the computer like drill bit sizes, number of holes per panel, drilled stack, drilled time per load, etc.
The PCB boards are placed into the CNC machine.
The holes are drilled according to the determined pattern to place printed circuit board components.

19. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step4: Preparing Drill Holes

20. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step5: Apply Image
The printed circuit layout can be printed in different ways on PCBs like.
Manual pen.
Dry transfers.
Pen plotters and printers.
The laser printers are a better way to print the layouts on printed circuit boards.

21. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step5: Apply Image

22. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step5: Apply Image
The following steps are used to print the PCB layout through a laser printer:
Take a clean and neat copper paper and place it on the laser printer.
Next, store the designed layout film in the computer.
A laser printer prints the designed circuit layout on a copper paper whenever it gets a print command from the computer.

23. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step6: Stripping and Etching
Stripping and Etching process involves removing the unwired copper on the PCBs.
Using different types of chemicals like ferric chloride, ammonium per-sulphate, etc.
Make the solvent by mixing 1% of sodium hydroxide and 10 grams of sodium hydroxide pellets to one litre of water.
Mix the composition until everything is dissolved.

24. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step6: Stripping and Etching
The PCB is put on a chemical bowl and cleaned up with a brush.
During this process, if the PCB is still greasy, due to applied sunflower or seed oil, the developing process may take about 1 minute.

25. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step7: Testing
After finishing the manufacturing process of the Printed Circuit Board.
The Board undergoes a testing process to check whether the PCB is working properly.
Nowadays many automatic testing equipments are available for the high volume testing of the PCBs.
The two different types of testing equipment available today .

26. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Step7: Testing
That test your circuit boards include ATG test machines that are flying probe.
Fixtureless testers and in addition to a universal grid testing capability as well.

27. Designing Process Of Printed Circuit Boards
Conclusion
The invention of the PCB that supports physical electronic components and their wiring through the surface-mounted copper tracks is really remarkable. Printed circuit boards, PCBs, form an essential part of any electronics equipment these days. The PCB design and layout forms an integral part of the design of the whole product, and it can be the key to the success of the product meeting its performance requirements in many instances.