1. LAW OF OBLIGATIONS Sources of Obligations: A. Contract – last week
B. Tort – this week
C. Unjust Enrichment – this week

2. SOURCE OF OBLIGATIONS: Tort
A. General Points
B. Elements of a Tort Claim
C. Categories of Liability

3. General Points
1. Tort: Act that causes harm to a person or his/her property
2. Intent: May be intentional or negligent
3. Turkish Code of Obligations outlines tort liability generally
*Other laws address specific kinds of tort damage - e.g., Motor Vehicle Act

4. Elements 1. Act (or omission) by “Tortfeasor” A. Act may be:
1) Intentional or
2) Negligent (use “reasonable person” test)
B. Defenses (INTENTIONAL):
1) Consent
2) Necessity
3) Self-Defense
4) Fulfilling a Legal Duty
C. Defense (NEGLIGENCE): Contributory Negligence

5. 2. Damages (many kinds) 3. Proximate Cause A. Actual Monetary Loss
B. Lost Profits
C. Medical Expenses
D. Pain & Suffering
3. Proximate Cause
A. Logical relationship b/t act and damages?
B. Any other explanation for damages?

6. Categories of Liability
1. Strict Liability – When negligence is irrelevant, or can’t be proved
2. Vicarious Liability – Liable for the acts of another person
3. Joint & Several Liability – Multiple TFs act in concert, or cause a single injury, or have vicarious liability

7. SOURCE OF OBLIG: Unjust Enrich
A. Getting a benefit by mistake or chance
B. Court will impose a “quasi-contract”
C. Obligation to make restitution