1. Bell Work 11/19
Photosynthesis: organelle _______________ Reactions (or stages) ________________ & _________________ aka: ___________ Equation: ______________________________

2. Bell Work
Cellular Respiration: organelle _____________ Anaerobic: _____________ & _____________ Aerobic ________, ________, & _________ aka: _____ Equation: _______________________________

3. Bell Work
Photosynthesis: organelle CHLOROPAST Reactions: Light dependent & Light independent aka: Calvin Cycle Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (light)  C6H12O6 + 6O2

4. Bell Work Cellular Respiration: organelle Anaerobic:
MITOCHONDRIA
Anaerobic:
Glycolysis & Fermentation
Aerobic:
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, & Electron Transport Chain
aka: Citric Acid Cycle
Equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)

5. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration

6. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
What is a calorie?
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celcius
2. What is a Calorie?
The Calorie is used on food labels is actually a kilocalorie, or 1000 calories.

7. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
3. What is glycolysis? Glycolysis is the first step in releasing the energy from glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid. 4. If oxygen is present, glycolysis leads to two other pathways The Krebs cycle & the electron transport chain

8. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
5. Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain make up a process called cellular respiration 6. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? 6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY

9. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
7. The first set of reactions in cellular respiration is
glycolysis
8. Glycolysis is the process in which 1 molecule of ____
glucose
Is broken in half, producing 2 molecules of _____
pyruvic acid

10. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
9. At the beginning of glycolysis, ___ molecules of ATP are used up. Although the cell puts ___ ATP molecules into it’s “account” to get glycolysis going, when glycolysis is complete ___ ATP molecules have been produced. This gives the cell a net gain of ____ ATP molecules. 2 4

11. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
10. What is the name of the electron carrier in cellular respiration? NAD+ 11. Does glycolysis itself require oxygen? no

12. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
12. When oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by fermentation 13. During this process, cells convert ___ to ___ by passing high-energy electrons back to pyruvic acid. This action restores the electron carrier, allowing glycolysis to continue producing a steady supply of ____. NADH to NAD+ ATP

13. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
14. Because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be _____.
anaerobic
15. What are the two main types of fermentation?
Alcoholic pyruvic acid + NADH -> alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
example : bread
Lactic Acid pyruvic acid + NADH -> lactic acid + NAD+
example: in muscles after rapid exercise

14. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
16. At the end of glycolysis, about ___ percent of the chemical energy that was available in glucose is still unused, locked in the high energy electrons of ________________. 90 Pyruvic acid

15. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
17. Because the pathways of cellular respiration require oxygen, they are said to be ______. aerobic 18. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis passes to the second stage of cellular respiration, the _________. Krebs cycle

16. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
19. During the Krebs cycle, ____ is broken down into _____ in a series of energy extracting reactions. pyruvic acid carbon dioxide 20. The Krebs cycle begins with pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the ________. mitochondrion

17. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
21. What is the Krebs cycle also known as?
the citric acid cycle
The Krebs cycle generates high-energy electrons that are passed to ____ and ____.
NADH and FADH2
The electrons are then passed from those carriers to the _________.
Electron transport chain

18. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
23. The electron transport chain uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. 24. Where is the electron transport chain located in eukaryotes/ prokaryotes? eukaryotes: mitochondria prokaryotes: cell membrane

19. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
25. What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration? ATP synthase binds ADP and a third phosphate group to make ATP 26. The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain enable the cell to produce roughly ___ ATP molecules per glucose molecule. 36

20. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
27. How efficient is cellular respiration? The 36 ATP molecules represent about 38% of the total energy of glucose. What happens to the remaining 62%? It is released as heat, which is why your body feels warmer after vigorous exercise.

21. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
28. Which process produces quick energy and which process produces long term energy? Quick Energy: Cells normally contain small amounts of ATP produced during glycolysis and cellular respiration. Muscles contain only enough ATP for a few seconds of intense activity. After this point, muscle cells produce most of their energy by lactic acid fermentation.

22. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
28 continued Long Term Energy: For exercise longer than about 90 seconds, cellular respiration is the only way to generate a continuing supply of ATP. These stores of glycogen are usually last for minutes of activity. After that, your body begins to break down other stored molecules, including fats, for energy.

23. Be sure to label each equation.
EXIT TICKET
Reminder:
Put away your notes/ close your books.
No talking or looking on another student’s paper
Write both the chemical equation for photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Be sure to label each equation.