1. Problem – Solution - Impact
Sao Paulo Transport
Problem – Solution - Impact

3. The Problem-Roads
Rapid rural-urban migration since 1940s led to rapid urban growth
New roads build quickly out of necessity with very little planning
Ineffective public transport
7 million cars on the road with 97% of all travel by road in Sao Paulo
Very long tailbacks and commutes of up to 2 hours
High levels of pollution and poor roads; city cannot afford/have no time to repair them
Bad for businesses which rely on transport for deliveries etc…

4. The Problem-Underground
Only 5 lines for 20 million people (London has 11 lines!) and 64 stations
Does not cover all zones of the city
Incentives, rewards and travelcards not offered

5. The Problem-Buses Congestion limits the movement of buses
Poor access for passengers and lack of effective ticket collection
Average speed 13km/h
Unreliable service

6. Solutions and Impact - Rodizo
Number plate determined restrictions
This reduced traffic and increased average speeds
Offset by higher car ownership however, congestion still bad
Less accidents
Less fuel use and emissions
Aims of scheme were met

7. Solutions and Effectiveness- Ethanol and Electric Cars
Brazil is largest consumer and producer of ethanol
Ethanol is environmentally friendly and more cost effective than petrol
Implementation of hybrid cars (petrol and 25% ethanol)
Twice the fuel economy of regular vehicles and cuts greenhouse emissions by half
Ethanol is renewable
Ethanol production has also raised concerns regarding water overuse and pollution, soil erosion and possible contamination by excessive use of fertilisers
Concerns over deforestation for sugarcane (from which ethanol is extracted), however 99.7% of sugarcane growing is not in the rainforest
Sugarcane production creates jobs, however poor working conditions and wages have led to criticism

8. Solutions and Effectiveness – Improving the Underground
Plans to add new lines including a link to the city centre
Accident in 2007 as a result of poor soil analysis during construction of new line claimed 7 lives
Damage to neighbouring houses as a result of the accident

9. Solution and Impact - Helicopters
Sao Paulo is the Helicopter capital of the world
Vastly reduce journey times
Cheaper than losing the time for high earning businessmen
Only available to the rich

10. Solution and Impact – Suspension Bridge
Connects roads Marginal Pinheros and Marinho Avenue
Aim is to reduce bottlenecks at two other bridges
Largely successful in diverting traffic from these areas
No pedestrian walkway
Target for vandals and metal thieves, costly to repair

11. Solution and Impact – Cycle Lanes
A red cycle lane has been opened in Avenida Paulista, in central Sao Paulo.
Sao Paulo’s mayor has pledged to expand the city’s existing network of bike lanes from 64.7 m (40 miles) to 400km in length by 2016 in order to reduce traffic congestion.
The bike lanes have vastly improved safety for Sao Paulo’s cyclists. Over half of Sao Paulo’s residents cycle at least one per week.
Critics said the project was poorly planned and consultation had been inadequate, while others argued the level of demand did not justify the expense and disruption.