1. General Biology lab
Lab 7&8
Animal Tissues

2. A tissue :
Is aggregation of cells, perform the same function , and is bound together by a certain substance known as the Intercellular substances (matrix).
Histology :
the science concerned with the study of tissue .

3. There are four types of tissue.
Epithelial Tissue (covering)
Connective Tissue (support)
Muscular Tissue (movement)
Nervous Tissue (control)

4. Epithelial Tissue
They Include Tissue that cover external surfaces , line internal organs or form parenchyma of glands .
It has the following characteristics:
They are situated on basement membrane
Minimum Extracellular substance (matrix)
No supply of blood vessel or lymphatic but only nerves .
They arise from three germ layer, ectoderm , endoderm, mesoderm

5. Classification of Epithelial Tissues
According To Their Structure They Are Classified :
Simple Epithelium
E.g. columnar
Non cilliated found in small intestine
Cilliated found in bronchioles of lungs
Stratified epithelium (compound)
E.g. Transitional stratified epithelial , found in urinary bladder

8. Connective Tissue Connective Tissue
a kind of tissue that connects, supports, or surrounds other tissues and organs.
They have the following characteristics :
Develop from the mesoderm
Unlike the epithelium , they contain wide intracellular substances .
Supply with blood vessels , nerves and fiber .

9. Function :
Support and connect different type of organ
Surround vessel and nerves
Fiber provide flexibility and resistance
Act as mean of transporting for nutrition and for removal of metabolites
Act as immunological barrier by aid phagocytic and defense cell
Mast cell found in this tissue produce heparin and histamine
Fat cell in the tissue act as food reservoir , shock absorbent and for body temperature maintenance

10. Classification of connective tissue
Connective tissue proper
Skeletal connective tissue
Vascular connective tissue

11. Connective tissue proper
Areolar connective tissue :
Most widely distributed connective tissue.
Soft, pliable tissue that cushions and protects the body’s organs it wraps.
Holds internal organs together and in their proper position.
Under microscope: matrix appears as empty space.

12. Adipose connective tissue
Locate beneath the skin and around internal organ.
The nuclei appear as small disks on the periphery of cells.
Functions to insulate the body, protect organs, and fuel storage.

13. Skeletal connective tissue
Cartilage
a flexible connective tissue found in many areas in the bodies of humans and other animals, such as the ear, the nose, the elbow, the knee, the ankle.
It is not as hard and rigid as bone but is stiffer and less flexible than muscle. 
Function:
reduces friction in the joint with movement.
holds some bones together.

14. Bone Function of bone : It cover by periosteum سمحاق .
Bone marrow is the site of red blood production.
Function of bone :
Support
Movement
Reservoir of Ca
Protection of organs ( brain , heart )