1. Comparing Types of Bonding
Ionic, Covalent, & Metallic

2. Substance Examples Ionic Covalent Metallic Table salt, NaCl
Epsom salt, MgSO4*7H20
Minerals: Find the names and formulas of 20 mineral compounds
H2O, CO2, CH4, NH3, sugar, organic compounds, bio chemicals, plastics
Metals!
Al, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au!
Alloys like brass & steel

3. Element Composition Ionic Covalent Metallic
Metals (M) combined with non-metals (N)
(M+)(N-)
Non-metals with non-metals
N-N
Metals! M

4. M+ N- How they Bond M+ Ionic Covalent Metallic
Opposite charges attract!
(How do ions form?)
Atoms share electrons to complete stable valence shells.
Atoms share electrons communally! M+ O M+ N- H H

5. Physical State & Strength
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic
Crystals – opposites charges organize.
Brittle – upsetting opposite charges results in breakage.
Solids, liquids, gases.
Wide variety of properties.
Crystalline – atoms arranged as simple as possible.
Malleable – communal sharing can adjust as atoms move.

6. Solubility & Conductivity
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic
Often water soluble – polar water molecules will surround and separate (+) & (-) charges = dissociation
Electrolytes – (+) & (-) charges can migrate when dissolved.
Soluble in water if polar like alcohol.
Insoluble in water if nonpolar like oil.
Molecules are non-conductive – electrons are shared tightly and can’t flow.
Very little solubility in water.
Highly Conductive
Communal electrons can flow in an electric field.

7. Chemical Properties Ionic Covalent Metallic Precipitate –
Insoluble combinations combine to form crystals that water can’t dissolve.
Ion Rxns Lab formed cloudy precipitates.
Wide variety of reactions.
Corrode –
easily lose electrons (oxidized) to form (+) ions and often dissolve away.
Example: Rust!

8. Communal sharing of electrons will adjust with changing shape
Why are transition metals
like iron so strong? M+ M+
Back

9. M+ N- N- M+ Ionic bonding requires alignment of opposite
charges. Shifting
charges will break it! N- M+ M+ N-
Back

10. Electricity