1. Dr. Muddather A. Mohammed
FLUID & ELECTROLYTE
Dr. Muddather A. Mohammed

2. objectives
1- body fluids and electrolytes 2- intravenous fluid therapy 3- types of intravenous fluids

3. BODY FLUIDS
Fluid intake is derived from both exogenous (consumed liquids)
and endogenous (released during oxidation of solid foodstuffs)

5. The following are the approximate daily requirements of some electrolytes in adults: • sodium: 50–90 mM/day; • potassium: 50 mM/day; • calcium: 5 mM/day; • magnesium: 1 mM/day.

6. Indications for IV fluids therapy
To provide water, electrolytes, and nutrients to meet daily requirements
To replace water and correct electrolyte deficits

7. IV solutions contain dextrose or electrolytes mixed in various proportions with water Can electrolyte-free water can be administered by IV? NOO! it rapidly enters red blood cells and causes them to rupture

8. 3 main types:
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic

9. Types of IV Solutions according to osmolarity
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
0.9% Sodium Chloride =
Normal Saline
0.45% NaCl
10% dextrose solution
Lactated Ringer’s (LR)
3%Sodium Chloride
D5W
0.18% NaCl D5W
(5th glucose saline)

10. Crystalloid solutions aqueous solutions of salts, minerals or any other water soluble substances. Saline, which is an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, is a crystalloid. Since they contain small molecules, they can be passed through all the cell membranes and go into cells e.g. normal saline

11. Colloids: a homogeneous mixture, The particles in colloidal solutions are of intermediate size compared to particles in crystalloids so they remain in intravascular compartment e.g. hetastarch

13. Maitenance Requirements of Fluid &Electrolytes
BW Kg >20
WATER ml/kg (1000) (1500)+20
Na meq/kg
K meq/kg
Dificit replaced according to clinical condition