1. Chapter Section 2

2. The Brooklyn Bridge opened in 1883 with its soaring arches presenting a “golden door” of opportunity to all American immigrants. I. Cities Grew New York, like many other cities was experiencing a population explosion outward from the old downtown. Poor families crowd into the center while the rich ones move to the suburbs.

3. Tenement Houses: house slums
                                                                   
Tenement Houses: house slums
Tenement: small apartment without heat, windows, or indoor bathrooms ; house up to 10 people
Problems
Disease was wide spread
Factory owners took advantage of low rent and cheap labor
1. Space was limited in the center of cities
2. Builders compose tenements to try to solve problems of overcrowding

4. “ Striving Upward” 1. Disease rarely broke out in Middle Class areas
                                                                   
1. Disease rarely broke out in Middle Class areas
2. Middle Class engaged in activities that provided sense of community
3. Rich lived in luxurious homes, owned property and entertained themselves with lavish parties

5. Life Among the Rich Walled Mansions …
Chicago – 200 millionaires living on lakefront property
New York City – 5th Avenue luxury – shops and outskirts of the inner city

6. Cleaning Up Cities … Reformers Demand Improved safety conditions
New water systems and tunnels
Pass building codes
Garbage collection
Zoning laws: keep factories out of neighborhoods
Problems:
1880’s-city conditions deteriorating
Tenement Buildings = death traps
Garbage rotting in streets
Polluted air
Theives

7. Help for the Poor Catholic Church help immigrants
Groups:
Catholic Church help immigrants
70 hospitals founded by 1 Italian Nun

8. 1865: Salvation Army began to help the poor with food & shelter
YMCA: helped children escape city slums
Settlement House: community center that offers services to the poor
Hull House: Jane Adams
Dedicated too improving the living conditions of Chicago Slums
By 1900: 100 centers opened in American cities