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Digital Media Technology
Week 3: Introduction to TEI Peter Verhaar
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eXtensible Markup Language
<title>La Biblioteca de Babel</title> is a short story written by <persName>Jorge Luis Borges</persName>.
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XML: General rules which determine the well-formedness (e. g
XML: General rules which determine the well-formedness (e.g. proper nesting, single root element, case sensitivity) DTD: Rules for a particular language which determine validity
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DTD or XML Schema Document Instance
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE TEI SYSTEM "tei.dtd " > <tei> <text> <salute> Gentlemen, </salute> <body> I reply to your letter of the <date>29th Ulto</date>, offering 30 £ for an early copy of the novel (…) </body> </text> </tei> Validation rules DTD or XML Schema Document Instance
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Booktrade Correspondence Project
Application of text encoding Study of correspondence from the Dutch book trade in the 19C. Primary materials: Archive of De Erven F. Bohn Archive of A.W. Sijthof
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De Erven F. Bohn Founded in Haarlem, 1752 by Christoph Heinrich Bohn ( ) >1784: son François Bohn ( ) 1819: public auction. Name changed to De Erven F. Bohn. 1875 no more bookselling; 1876: J.K. Tadema Today: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
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Archives Ca. 20,000 books Financial administration
Ca. 70,000 letters, often with well-known authors and publishers Contracts, Reviews, Illustrations Correspondence section has been digitised
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Research questions Social network of Bohn
Which book titles are mentioned in the correspondence? How international was the Dutch Booktrade in the 19C? Who were Bohn’s and Sijthoff’s competitors?
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Dear Sirs, I will accept / £10 for the / rights to make a / translation into / Dutch of my / novel entitled / Wanda //
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Printers will / send you entire / proofs from London / instantly. Please / to send money / on receipt of this / Address Madame / Ouida. ~c. 2 words illegible~/ ~c. 1 word illegible~ Ouida / L. de la Ramée
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Example of a transcription
Gentlemen, I reply to your letter of the 29th Ulto, offering 30 £ for an early copy of my late father's forthcoming novel Kenelm Chellengly. I beg to inform you that I have simultaneously received from another Dutch Firm, precisely the same offer, viz. 30 £ for an early copy of that work, with a view to a Dutch translation of it (…). Your obedt. Servt, Lytton Knebworth Park Stevenage Herts
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Encoded text Gentlemen,
I reply to your letter of the <date>29th Ulto</date>, offering 30 £ for an early copy of my late father's forthcoming novel <title>Kenelm Chellengly</title>. I beg to inform you that I have simultaneously received from another Dutch Firm, precisely the same offer, viz. 30 £ for an early copy of that work, with a view to a Dutch translation of it (…). Your obedt. Servt, <persName>Lytton</persName> Knebworth Park <placeName>Stevenage</placeName> Herts
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Ontologies Models are based on an ontology
The properties of the original which are represented in the model Models “inevitably lie, by omission at least” A DTD can be viewed as an ontology John Unsworth, 'What is Humanities Computing and What is Not?', in: Melissa Terras, Julianne Nyhan, & Edward Vanhoutte (eds.), Defining digital humanities: a reader, 2013, pp. 36–37. R. Davis, H. Shrobe & P. Szolovits, 'What is a Knowledge Representation?', AI Magazine, 14:1 (1993).
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Deconstruction
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letter closer salute body p persName title
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<letter> <salute> Dear Sirs,</salute> <body> <p> I will accept £10 for the rights to make a translation into Dutch of my novel entitled <title>Wanda</title> </p> <p> Printers will send you entire proofs from London instantly. Please to send money on receipt of this / Address Madame Ouida. ~c. 2 words illegible~ ~c. 1 word illegible~ </p> </body> <closer> Ouida L. de la Ramée </closer> </letter>
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More than 500 elements Developed by consortium of scholars First established in 1987 Text in general: “texts in any natural language, of any date, in any literary genre”
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XML HTML TEI SVG EAD EPUB
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ASCII Character encoding scheme
American Standard Code for Information Interchange e.g.: A = Uses 7 bits (128 characters)
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Unicode 16 bits UTF-8 1,112,064 characters α: α
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<p>En réponse à votre lettre du 30 Janvier nous avons <lb/> l'honneur de vous informer que nous avons payé Mon-<lb/> sieur Midderigh déjà depuis longtemps et presque toujours <lb/> d'avance.</p>
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If the premises “A > B” and “A” are true, we can conclude B
Book & Digital Media Studies
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Entities <p>This sentence is in the <p> element.</p>
> Greater than < Less than " Quotation mark & Ampersand
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Comments Used to improve the readability of the XML document:
<!-– The next section contains the transcription -->
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Terminology Elements Attributes DTD Well-formed XML Valid XML Entities
Unicode ASCII Meta-language
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