1. Digital Encoding What’s behind E-text Resources?

2. Before Metadata... How to structure your data Ontology: a specification of a conceptualization of reality http://www.ontoknowledge.org/oil/ OWL (Ontology Web Language) http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/

3. Mark-up Languages GML: Generalized Markup Language – IBM (1969-1980) SGML: (Standard Generalized Markup Language –American National Standards Institute (ANSI) (1980- ) XML: Extensible Markup Language –W3C (1996- )

4. What is Metadata? http://www.vraweb.org/metadata.html

5. Examples of Metadata schema TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) Dublin Core EAD (Encoded Archival Description) MARC (MAchine-Readable Cataloging) RDF (Resource Description Framework)

6. Variations of TEI TEI: Full DTD, uses SGML (437 elements) TEI Lite: Subset of the TEI DTD, uses SGML (140 elements) Bare Bones TEI: An even smaller subset of TEI developed in 1994 primarily as a learning tool, uses SGML (33 elements) TEI xLite: TEI Lite DTD, rewritten in XML

7. TEI in the Metadata World TEI and its variations have become some of the most widely used text encoding standards for texts in the humanities. While the full original form of TEI is perhaps too elaborate for many projects, it’s abridged versions such as TEI xLite have nevertheless been used on many successful projects. http://www.tei-c.org/Applications/index-lang.html

8. A Sample of TEI An unpublished document. Document created in electronic form. This is a TEI encoded document!

9. Dublin Core Dublin Core: all elements are optional. The base set of DC elements = 15 elements title, creator, subject, description, publisher, contributor, date, type, format, identifier, source, language, relation, coverage, rights DC-Qualified: http://dublincore.org/documents/usageguide/qualifiers.shtml http://www.dstc.edu.au/Research/Projects/rdf/dc-in-rdf-ex.html http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/dcdot/

10. EAD Developed in the mid-1990’s, with version 1.0 of the DTD being released in 1998 Version 2 (called EAD 2002) 146 elements defined in EAD 2002 DTD http://www.loc.gov/ead/tglib/element_index.html

11. MARC MARC21 http://www.loc.gov/marc/ MARC21XML http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/// MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema) http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/

12. Can’t find a schema to fit your project? –Make your own! Custom making a DTD (Document Type Definition) http://www.w3schools.com/dtd/default.asp http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/letopis/search.jsp?lang=en

13. Version on of custom DTD

14. Simplified version of mark-up

15. The End! Further Reading