1. Coloring the Periodic Table Families
Some images are from
2008

2. Families on the Periodic Table
Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families based on their chemical properties.
Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.
Elements in each family
react differently with
other elements.
There are 10 families

3. ALKALI METALS Group 1 Hydrogen is NOT a member, it is a non-metal
1 Valence Electron
All metals
Extremely reactive, esp. with water
Most reactive metals
Conduct electricity and heat
Low densities
Soft and silvery
Examples: Salt/Photography

4. ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 2 Valence Electrons All Metals
Reactive, but less than Alkali metals
White, silvery and malleable
Conduct electricity and heat
Higher densities than alkaline metals
EXAMPLES: foods, cement, chalk, vitamins

5. TRANSITION METALS Groups 3-12 Most have 1 or 2 valence electrons
All Metals
Reactive, but less reactive than group 2
Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.
Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Some are used for jewelry or coins
Shiny
EXAMPLES: jewelry, thermometers, coins

6. BORON FAMILY Group 13 3 Valence Electrons
Most are metals, Boron is a metalloid
Reactive, but not as much as group 1 and 2
Solid at room temperature
Properties begin to vary among elements
EXAMPLES: Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust and used in airplane parts.

7. CARBON FAMILY Group 14 4 Valence Electrons
Contains metals (Sn & Pb), metalloids (Si & Ge), and a non-metal (C)
Reactive
Properties vary among elements
Solid at room temperature
EXAMPLE: Carbon is in all living things and even some nonliving things like diamonds and fossil fuels
CARBON FAMILY

8. NITROGEN FAMILY Group 15 5 Valence Electrons
Contains metals (Bi), metalloids (As & Sb), and non-metals (N & P)
Reactive
Properties vary among elements
Solid at room temperature except N (gas)
EXAMPLE: Nitrogen is 80% of the air we breathe

9. OXYGEN FAMILY Group 16 6 Valence Electrons
Contains metalloids (Te & Po), and non-metals (O, S & Se)
Reactive
All but Oxygen are solid at room temperature
EXAMPLES: air (Oxygen) and H2SO4 is the most widely used compound in industry

10. Halogens Group 7 7 Valence Electrons All are non-metals
Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1 in the form of salts
Most reactive Nonmetals
Never found pure in nature
EXAMPLES: Many are used in salts and disinfectants

11. Noble Gases Group 8 8 Valence Electrons = Full
Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full
All Non-metals
Not reactive with other elements - INERT
Exist as colorless, and odorless gases
EXAMPLES: Lights & blimps

12. Rare Earth Metals Valence numbers Vary All are metals
Lanthanides (elements 58-71)
Actinides (elements )
They are reactive
Some are Radioactive
Silver, silvery-white, or gray metals
Conduct electricity
EXAMPLES: Some used to create electricity and some are used in smoke detectors