1. What your life is made of
Rocks & Minerals
What your life is made of

2. Earth’s Layers

3. Earth’s Layers Inner core = solid nickel Outer core = liquid nickel
Mantle = magma
Crust = ROCKS & MINERALS
In which layer of earth are oceans and mountains found?
Do scientists know the above as facts?
Scientists are (certain, guessing) about these layers of earth.

5. Rocks are from Earth’s Crust
This is where we get IGNEOUS rocks: Magma Lava Rocks!

6. Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks can be Porous: full of air pockets
Less dense than metamorphic rocks
Shiny like black glass
Grainy like granite
Which kind is this?

7. Pumice (Igneous Rock) Pores = “porous” Porous = less dense
Can float on water
Cooled rapidly
Used for pedicure

8. Pumice can float in water!

9. Basalt (Igneous Rock)
Dark black or grey
May be porous
Used in asphalt

10. Granite (Igneous Rock)
Speckled with various crystals
Different varieties
Most common Granite
Gypsum
Feldspar
Mica

11. Obsidian (Igneous Rock)
Black, shiny like glass
Good for making arrowheads

12. Uses for Igneous Rocks Basalt Obsidian Art Statues Roads Jewelry
Weapons (anciently)

13. How we use Igneous Rocks
Pumice
Soap powder
Smoothing feet -- pedicure
Granite
Monuments
Shiny countertops
Building stone
Blocks of Salt Lake LDS Temple

14. Igneous Rock Review How are igneous rocks formed?
What are some names of igneous rock?
Which rock
is like black glass?
has speckles?
is used in road building?
can float on water?
Obsidian, granite, basalt, pumice

15. Sedimentary Rocks
Bryce Canyon

16. Sedimentary Rocks Weathering Layers stuck together
Heat and cold break up rocks into dust over time
Dust carried by wind or water
Layers stuck together
Sediments settle over time
Cemented together
Layers of different colors

17. Common Sedimentary Rocks
Sandstone
Layers of sand cemented together
Often orange
Limestone
Weathered Ancient Seashells, Fossils
Often light colored
Shale
Mud from river bottoms
Conglomerate
Different rocks cemented together

18. Sandstone
Often layered
Orange
Feels rough (“sandy”)

19. Limestone Weathered ancient shells of sea creatures Light colored
Fossils

20. Fossils – Sedimentary Rock

21. Conglomerate
Varied rocks cemented together
Like a mosaic

22. Shale
Mud from river bottoms
Dark in color
Flat pieces

23. Uses for Sedimentary Rocks
Sandstone
building stone
Limestone
cement
Conglomerate
decorative
Shale
Roofing
Bricks

24. More Sedimentary Rocks
Coal
Used for Fuel
Salt
Gypsum
Used for Wallboard

25. Sedimentary Rock Review
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
What is weathering?
How do sedimentary layers form?
What are some sedimentary rocks called?
Which sedimentary rock
a. is made of layers of sand?
b. has smaller rocks cemented together?
c. is made from ancient sea creatures’ shells?
d. is flat and dark?
e. is used for fuel?

26. Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are formed by Heat and pressure
Any rock can become metamorphic:
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
. . . when enough heat and pressure are present.
These rocks are dense!

27. Metamorphic Rocks
Heat and pressure have condensed, or compacted, the crystals so tightly that they have no more air bubbles. Metamorphic rocks are a) heavy b) compact c) dense d) all of the above

28. Metamorphic Rocks Marble Quartzite Slate Gneiss Schist
Which rock is metamorphosed shale? Limestone? Granite? Sandstone?

29. Metamorphic Rocks
1. Gneiss 2. quartzite 3. schist 4,5&6: slate flooring

30. Metamorphic Rocks
Sandstone metamorphoses into quartzite. Shale metamorphoses into slate.

31. Metamorphic Rocks Limestone metamorphoses into marble.
Granite metamorphoses into gneiss.

32. The Rock Cycle