1. FROM THE TUDOR PERIOD TO THE END OF THE NAPOLEONIC WARS

2. The Tudor period ( )
The Tudor period can be regarded as the beginning of modern times:
an absolute monarchy. It was established by Henry VII ( )
- the National Church controlled by the state. Under Henry VIII ( ), the Church was subjected to the state power, as a result of the king’s quarrel with the Pope over divorcing his first wife (the English Reformation, the 1530s). He was acknowledged Head of the Church of England,
England’s maritime supremacy. In 1588, England defeated its greatest rival, Spain: a huge fleet called the “Armada” was crushed by the English navy. This meant the end of Spanish maritime supremacy.
Reign of Elisabeth I ( )

3. The Stuart era (1603-1714) Main events:
- Kings: James I ( ), Charles I ( ), Oliver Cromwell (republican regime, ), Charles II (Restoration, ), James II ( ), William III (of Orange, Holland) and Mary ( ), Anne ( ).

4. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION