1. Four-step approach (3): Select adaptaton measures
During the ToT we asked the participants to
work in groups and
put together all relevant information for their specific topic (water, climate, agriculture, governance, society and economy) and
present it to their colleagues

2. Imprint
As a federally owned enterprise, GIZ supports the German Government in achieving its objectives in the field of international cooperation for sustainable development.
Published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg Eschborn, Germany T F
Contact E I
GIZ Climate Protection Programme
Responsible Ilona Porsché, GIZ; Michael Scholze, GIZ
Authors Jennifer Frankel-Reed, Barbara Fröde-Thierfelder, Ilona Porsché
Contributions by Alfred Eberhardt, Mark Svendsen, Lea Herberg, Martin Baumgart, Udo Höggel, Michael Scholze, Alexander Fröde, Nana Künkel, members of the OECD Task Team on Climate Change and Development Co-operation
Coordination Ilona Porsché, Barbara Fröde-Thierfelder
Photo credits © GIZ/Climate Protection Programme and Claudia Altmann, Dirk Ostermeier, Florian Kopp, Georg Buchholz, Ira Olaleye, Jörg Böthling, Manuel Hauptmann, Markus Kirchgessner, Michael Gajo, Michael Netzhammer, Nicole Herzog, Peter Korneffel, Richard Lord, Robert Heine, Rüdiger Behrens, Ulrich Scholz, Ursula Meissner, Uwe Rau
Design Ira Olaleye
Articles written by named authors do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors.

3. Terms of use
This training module has been developed by GIZ on behalf of BMZ. If you would like to adapt this presentation to your needs, please respect the following terms of use:
The slide master and imprint are mandatory. They may neither be altered nor removed from the presentation. 
The GIZ logo must not be moved or removed. No other logos or further information may be placed in the header or footer area.
If you wish to add your own content, please use the blank slide at the end of this presentation. (You can copy it to add slides.)
If you would like to make substantial changes to the content of this presentation, please contact

4. The four-step approach: the basic adaptation planning process
The systematic process deals with all questions relevant for planning adaptation
Going one step at a time avoids mental blocks due to the over-complex challenge
Four steps
Assess Vulnerability
Identify adaptation options
Select adaptation measures
Develop an M&E framework

5. Rationale Objective Importance Third step of planning adaptation
The adaptation strategy should be made up of complementary elements and ensure
an effective reduction of climate change risks, and
coherence with the priorities and practical constraints of a given situation.
At this stage you therefore evaluate alternative adaptation options and come up with a set of deliberately chosen adaptation measures.
Importance
Decision point for action

6. Criteria-guided decision making
Reasons for criteria-guided decision making
Transparency (Why was this specific option selected?)
Accountability (e.g. prepares for M&E) …
 The way criteria are selected and employed influences the final result!

7. Possible criteria
The OECD guidance suggests the following criteria
Effectiveness
Costs
Feasibility
Other criteria
political and social acceptance
urgency
biodiversity friendliness
no regrets
alignment with funding requirements
» Criteria: refer to box in Training Manual for more criteria Make sure that all people have a good understanding of the terms  refer to Glossary!
Effectiveness: the extent to which the adaptation measure reduces vulnerability and provides other benefits.
Cost: includes investment cost as well as cost over time such as operation and maintenance costs, reconstruction costs etc..
Feasibility: answers the question, whether the necessary legal, administrative, financial, technical etc. resources exist. Adaptations that can be implemented under the current operational framework will usually be favoured.

8. Exercise (1) Context Exhibits
Continue work in adaptation advisory group of State Water Authority (SWA)  your working group
Limited funds need to be channelled to strategic investments to improve water management under climate change.
The adaptation advisory group is now asked to suggest a selection of the most relevant adaptation options:
effectively reduce climate change risks
make use of climate change opportunities
remain within scope of SWA
Exhibits
Box on possible selection criteria

9. Exercise (2) Your task Use Matrix 9:
In column I fill in adaptation options from Module 4 column I
In columns L, M, N, O, P
discuss the selection criteria and develop a meaningful set
consider each option (I) using the criteria, and score them by using ++ / + / 0 / - / --
In column Q evaluate the options Q
If too many options have similar evaluations, you might think of introducing another criterion or weighing the criteria (e.g. criterion 3 ‘feasibility’ x2)
Reconsider from the ‘bird’s eye perspective’, whether the results make sense.
Do they address the range of key risks?
Would they be effective together?
Do they overlap or complement each other?

10. Exercise (3) Results Logistics (please specify) Case work*
Presentation of results (please specify how)*
Reflection*
*Please use your own examples here.
*Please use your own examples here.

11. Example for M3 – M5 Context
Polokwane, capital of Limpopo Province in north-eastern South Africa, has insufficient water to meet its needs
Economy and population of Polokwane are growing, especially with growing agriculture and mining sectors
Limpopo and Olifants Rivers require minimum flow levels to protect biodiversity and tourism
Source: USAID 2008,

12. Baseline water programs
South Africa government’s Department of Water Affairs and Forests (DWAF) planning to divert water from Olifants Basin to support Polokwane
Ongoing USAID support for investments and programs to reduce water demand and improve water use efficiency
The Urban Institute also funded to assess Polokwane water infrastructure needs over 10 years
Source: USAID 2008,

13. Adaptation strategies considered
Demand management: water sharing agreements, water trading, water market, water valuation, water use policy at local level, and enhance groundwater recharge
Improved technology: reservoir operation, flood plain management, infrastructure design, hydro-climate monitoring
Improved policy and education: district demand management, reallocation of water rights (rural-urban), education campaigns to improve water use habits, cooperative governance, legislation to improve water use efficiency, enforcement of water rights and use policies
Source: USAID 2008,

14. Analysis conducted Climate and demand change by 2050 Impacts
Water demand to triple due to increasing population
Temps increase, with rainfall projections showing -30% to a slight increase
Impacts
A 10% reduction in precipitation + temperature changes  50% decrease in runoff, and similar decrease in water availability
If runoff increased, existing dam infrastructure would not be capable of capturing higher yields
Source: USAID 2008,

15. Prioritise measures Example – Polokwane, South Africa (USAID)
Option
Effectiveness
Cost
Technical feasibility
Social & cul-tural Feasibility
Speed
Water conservation, demand management
High
Low
Level of service/future
Medium
Recycling urban water
Reallocation of dam yield
Conjunctive use
Expand well fields
Build new dam
Harvest rainwater + + + + + + + +
Source: USAID 2008,

16. Selected strategy
Reducing water demand with a combination of technological improvements (reducing leaks and water pressure in supply system) and policy to improve water use efficiency
Water recycling could be increased, and water could be reallocated to meet urban needs if needed
Little interest in costly projects such as additional dams that might be unnecessary depending on future conditions
Source: USAID 2008,

17. Results
Project led to fusion of the national and local water infrastructure planning projects
Increased government interest in demand management approaches
DWAF added a chapter on climate change to Olifants Management Report
Report is used by regional and national government, provides planning analysis for next 50 years
Source: USAID 2008,

18. Title
Text
This slide is not part of the original version of the training material. It was added by [please insert institution].