1. The challenges for better partnership of the government-NGO
PAD-6908
Askew School
Jungwoo Hong

2. Dependency Question? Government Support to NGO (OECD, 1999)
Australia: 5%, but only for overseas work
Canada: 7.5% for matching grant projects and programmes
Denmark: 7% for development projects, 5% for emergencies
EU: 6%
Japan: zero
Switzerland: 10% for projects; 13% for programmes; 5% for emergencies
US: Generally a ‘Negotiated Indirect Cost Rate Agreement’,
worked out with each NGO on the basis of actuals
Korea: 26%, analysis of 20 faith based development NGOs (2010)

3. Government – NGO Relationship
Military regimes ( )
feared the civil society , no assistance
financial assistance  pro-government organizations
Democracy ( )
significantly expanded their activities
has changed from repression to more cooperation

4. Challenges for better partnership
Dependency (accountability and sustainability)
Overwhelming tendency toward service delivery
Faith-based organizations with proselytizing agenda
a lack of capacity

5. 1. Dependency Two main characteristics
cash payment for projects from government
 possibility for government to influence NGO
directly implementing various projects
 much greater influence than other indirect ways (vouchers )

6. 1. Dependency Two tricky issues
Accountability: calling for greater accountability
(legitimate, transparent, and credible)
 NGO self-regulatory mechanisms (ex> Code of Conduct)
Sustainability: NGOs’ insufficient resources on their own
 the sustainability of organizations and their work has problem

7. 2. Service delivery General Korean civil society organizations
focused on advocacy activities
 holding the state and business sector accountable and demanding transparency
Korean development NGOs
focus largely on service delivery rather than advocacy
limited financial and human resources  lacks an enabling environment for advocacy work

8. 3. Faith-based organization
The majority of Korean development NGOs
65% are based on religion, and of this group over 70% are Christian
a number of conservative ones focusing on personal faith and proselytism rather than social issues
religiousness sometimes acts as a constraint
ex> Korean missionary work volunteers were expelled from Afghanistan government and has been shot by civil-military organization in 2007

9. 4. A lack of Capacity with a short history and a lack of experience
 the challenges of capacity building
organizational visions and missions are not widely shared among their staff
fail to complete monitoring and evaluation procedures

10. For the better partnership
new charitable public foundation
voluntary service’s support
more indirect assistance mechanisms
a variety of civil society partnership programs

11. 1. Independent charity foundation
Representative mechanism
 government can help NGOs in a more indirect way
Direct governmental influence can be minimized
 the monitoring function of the service delivery of NGOs
(an expanded auditing function of that foundation)

12. 2. voluntary service’s support
Voluntary service: a basic root of civil movement
enacting the Act of Assistance for Activities of Voluntary Service (AAA-VS)
to support the necessary equipment and supporting staff for more active voluntary service

13. 3. Indirect assistance mechanisms
more indirect assistance mechanisms
tax credits, deductions, tax-exempt bonds, contributions, fees
Ex> 25 percent reduction of the regular cost, tax reduction, and administrative support (the use of public facilities for meetings)
 more practical

14. 4. Civil society partnership programs
Current support: Simply offering financial support
(solely administrative, and chiefly financial)
civil society partnership programs
invest in both organizational and human resource capacity building
 utilizing local expertise
 developing an educational curriculum
 providing civic education on development

15. References
Han, J-K The Trend of International Development NGOs and its Implication on Korean Development NGOs, Paper presented at the annual conference of Korean Association of International Development and Cooperation: Korea’s Joining DAC and Hosting HLF: Significance and Tasks, Seoul, South Korea, January 22, 2010 (in Korea)
Heyzer, N., Riker, J. V., & Quizon, A. B. (1995). Government-NGO relations in Asia: Prospects and challenges for people-centred development. Kuala Lumpur: Asian and Pacific Development Centre.
Hyuk-Sang Sohn, Sowi kim, (2011). Government-NGO Partnerships for International Development Cooperation: A Case Study of South Korea. International Studies Review Vol. 12
Korea NGO Council for Overseas development Cooperation (KCOC). (2010) Annual report of Korean development NGOs. KCOC
OECD. (2011). How DAC Members Work With Civil Society Organizations: An Overview. Retrieved from:
Smillie, I., Helmich, H., German, T., Randel, J., & Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (1999). Stakeholders: Government-NGO partnerships for international development. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

16. Thank you
The most prime value to NGOs is to maintain their own core competency such as morality, independence, expertise, creativity, accountability, and transparency.