1. EGMONT – Royal Institute for International Relations, Belgium

2. EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael
Conflict Diamonds, the Kimberley Process as an international, multistakeholder response
Weak internal controls in artisanal diamond producing countries (e.g. Ghana) threatens integrity and effectivity of the KPCS
Moscow Declaration 2005, creation of WGAAP
Belgian FPS FA commissioned EGMONT to study these dynamics
EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael

3. EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael
Two objectives:
Strengthen KPCS integrity by improving control over informal extraction and trade
Improve social and economic situation of artisanal diamond diggers, miners; encourage positive role of ASM in driving rural development
Cooperation with WGAAP, CASM
Strenght in combination:two desired outcomes, one set of measures
EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael

4. EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael
Research project
Existing literature
Newly commissioned field research
Three phases
General research
Critical review of past diamond development programs
Validation, conclusions
EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael

5. EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael
Current status
Research completed
Validation workshop held in Pretoria, Sept 08
Drafting publication
Official publication at KP Plenary, New Delhi, 3 Nov 08
EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael

6. EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael
Research includes:
Geological analysis of transborder mining, case study Berbérati-Yokadouma-Enyele (CAR, RCongo, Cameroun)
Anthropological study on how this affects communities: case of the bana Lunda, Congolese artisans in Angola during the civil war
EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael

7. EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael
State capacity in Africa :key governance issues, challenges, approaches:
Monitoring mining and trading
Formalising the sector
Establishing internal controls (KP)
Study on cooperatives in Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana
Key factors driving coop development, organization and structure, services
Lessons for African cooperative development?
EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael

8. EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael
Significant wage differences between African/Latin-American diggers
Why? Examination of value-chain, price mark-ups as diamonds travel their paths
Specific case study on ADM in Mbuji-Mayi, attention for grass-roots initiatives
Ghanaian diamond industry: PMMC, cooperation with galamsey, internal controls issues
Interventions in the artisanal diamond secor
PDA/IDMP, Sierra Leone
D4D, Liberia
EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael

9. EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael
KP Moscow Declaration, 2005 Recommendations
Ensuring traceability of production from mine to export
Regulating artisanal mining
Regulating the trade in artisanal mining
Tackling illicit cross-border trade
Encouraging artisans to move into the formal economy
EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael

10. EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael
Contribution of Egmont to the KPCS and artisanal diamond mining
Support to the WGAAP in implementing Moscow Recommendations
Case studies of different strategies
Evaluation of past interventions
Lessons learned, reflecting in improved and more balanced recommendations
Positive effect of KP requirements on ASM communities
Formalization can lead to retaining more money inside the country, stimulating development
Improves social/eco capital of mining communities, reducing vulnerability to exploitation
EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael

11. EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael
Contact:
Steven Van Bockstael
EGMONT - Steven Van Bockstael