1. Early American Settlements
Roanoke, Jamestown, Plymouth
Early American Colonization
Essential Question: What political, economic, religious, and social reasons led to the establishment of the early settlements?

2. Roanoke
The Lost Colony

3. Roanoke
Queen Elizabeth I hoped to establish the first English colony in the new world (America).
In 1587, 117 colonists arrived on Roanoke Island in N. Carolina
Lead by John White
That same year, he returned to England to get supplies
He put Sir Walter Raleigh in charge

4. Roanoke Island They weren’t prepared. It had a poor climate
It was swampy, humid, and insect infested
It offered little protection from the surrounding Natives (Croatan)
The native population was resentful of the settlers’ demands for food and labor
The settlers were basically ignored by the British government while they were fighting Spain in Europe.

5. Lost Colony of Roanoke 1590, John White returned
Roanoke Island was abandoned. All traces of the English settlers had vanished, except for the mysterious word CRO, carved into a tree trunk.
The fate of the people remains a mystery.

6. The first permanent English speaking colony.
Jamestown
The first permanent English speaking colony.

7. In 1607, The Virginia Company of London sent 144 men to set up a colony in the new world.

8. Virginia Company of London
Wanted to establish colony for England
Wanted to make money
Sent 3 ships to the new world

9. They had three conditions for where they wanted the men to settle:
1. Be sure that your location is defendable from Spain.
2. Bring copper and blue glass beads to trade with the Indians for food.
3. Go 50 miles inland or settle on an island, and make sure that you are on a water front.

10. The Powhatan Indians were already living on the land.

11. The settlers worked under the command of Governor John Smith to build a village. He established the rule that if you don’t work., you don’t eat!

12. Native Relationship John Smith’s relationship was hit and miss.
The food soon ran out. The settlers arrived during the worst drought in 700 years. The settlers relationship with the Powhatan soured.
John Smith’s relationship was hit and miss.
Pocahontas saves John Smith and helps rebuild a good relationship with Jamestown.
She ends falling in love.
John Rolfe
Comes to Jamestown arrives in 1610
Plants tobacco seeds
Turn into a mini fortune.
Others follow and plant tobacco
Turns into the first cash crop.

13. The time between 1607 and 1610 becomes known as
The Starving Time
Disease and starvation spread throughout the colony quickly.
Relations with the Powhatan were bad and colonists that ventured out to find food were killed by the Powhatan.

14. Starving Time They were essentially trapped in the fort.
Colonists resorted to eating horses, dogs, snakes, rats and even shoe leather to survive.
1610, there were only 60 people left.
Only 1 in 8 survived!

15. Virginia House of Burgesses
In 1619, the first representative government in the New World was held in the Jamestown church. Representatives from 11 plantations came to the assembly.
It was the first meeting of the Virginia House of Burgesses.

16. Representative Government
A government BY the people FOR the people
Democracy/Republicanism
Influenced by:
Magna Carta 1215
limited the power of the king
Glorious Revolution 1688 –
William and Mary overthrow King James and make new laws that were more kind to the people of England.
English Bill of Rights –
gave more rights to English citizens
Age of Enlightenment
John Locke – unalienable rights (rights that cannot be taken away.

17. For over 90 years, Jamestown was the seat of government in the Colonies. Virginia was the largest colony.
In 1699, the colonists decided to permanently move the government headquarters to Williamsburg.

18. Plymouth, Massachusetts
The Mayflower and the Pilgrims

19. Plymouth, Massachusetts
In 1620, A group of Puritans, known as Separatists, seeking religious freedom from the Church of England set out for America.
They traveled on a ship that contained a few other settlers that were not Puritans.

20. Pilgrims Arrive!
The ship was originally headed for Virginia, but instead landed in Massachusetts.
November 11, 1620 they arrive in Plymouth, Massachusetts.

21. Mayflower Compact
When they realized they were not going to be landing in Virginia (where they originally planned), they realized they would need a government that allowed the Puritans and the non-Puritans to work together in harmony.
Created a SOCIAL contract, agreeing to follow the rules for the survival of the colony. It was a form of government for the new colony.

22. Mayflower Compact Led by William Bradford Signed on the Mayflower ship
Signed by the adult MEN.

23. Thanksgiving! Many native tribes lived in the area.
Some taught the Pilgrims how to grow food and to hunt and fish.
In the fall of 1621, the Pilgrims held a harvest feast to thank the natives.
This was the first “Thanksgiving” celebration.

24. Success Although they struggled, their colony survived.
The Mayflower Compact became the basis for the government in their colony.

25. Have you interacted with the text?

26. Summary
After you’ve completed your interactions, draw a line under your notes and write your summary. Summary should be 3-4 sentences and should answer the essential question.