Bellwork Can eating healthy cause weight loss? Hypothesis:

Bellwork 8-24 1. Can eating healthy cause weight loss? Hypothesis:
Read each question below. Based on the question that is provided, you will form your own hypothesis. Remember your “If.. Then” Statement. Example: Question: What effect does training have on running? Hypothesis: If you train hard, then you will be able to run faster for longer distances. 1. Can eating healthy cause weight loss? Hypothesis: 2. Will reading make you smarter?

(Variables and Controls)
Notes SPI 0707.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Science I can… Design a simple experimental procedure with an identified control and appropriate variables. ** If you were absent yesterday please grab a copy of the notes from the Tuesday folder**

Upcoming experiment We will begin a new experiment soon!
We will be testing the effect that mentos has on different types of soda In preparation for our experiment you will need to bring in 2liter bottles of different types of soda The more you bring in the more we will experiment outside when the time comes!

Scientific Method The purpose of the Scientific Method is to come up with answers for how the world works. It is one thing to observe something, but when you start to pursue the answer to why things are the way they are you begin to do what science is all about.

Scientific Method WHY? This is the great question of science. Why do you know what you know? Why do you believe what you believe?

Prove it! Scientific Method Is there any evidence? Has it been tested?
How do you know?

MENTOS Method Perhaps you’ve seen what happens when you place Mentos in a bottle of pop (soda). If so, you know what happens. We are going to explore why it happens?

MENTOS Method In order to do this and truly prove our answer we are going to need to use the right tools, set of a quality experiment with one independent variable, and properly analyze results to find the correct cause for the effects we see. In all this, we need to be sure we avoid errors and bias.

MENTOS Method RECAP of OBJECTIVES
Answer the question with proof using one independent variable Use the correct tools Effectively analyze results Find cause for the effect Have no bias and make no errors

In science we form questions by making observations
In science we form questions by making observations. Think back to The Cube, we had to observe the cube before we could form a question.

Observations can lead to scientific questions

Observations Observations can be made using your 5 senses: sight, smell, touch, sound, and taste

What is the observation?
Observations What is the observation?

Maggots appear in rotting meat
Observations Maggots appear in rotting meat

When Mentos are placed in pop it bubbles and shoot out the top.
OBSERVATION When Mentos are placed in pop it bubbles and shoot out the top.

Ask a Scientific Question
Scientific questions must be TESTABLE

Ask a Scientific Question
“How are maggots created?”

Answer a Scientific Question
People used to think that living things were created from non-living things.

Which flavor of pop shoots the farthest?
QUESTION Which flavor of pop shoots the farthest?

RESEARCH We do research so that we can find out what we already know. We will watch two videos and then you read with your group through the passage in your package. Highlight the important information in the passage and write all your research in the research portion of your package.

Bellwork 8-28 The question for our experiment is: What type of soda works best for making a soda fountain Based on our soda experiment, form a hypothesis. Also turn in last weeks bellwork into the black tray

SCIENCE STARTER In the video they did two different experiments. Place the following portions of the experiments in their appropriate category. pee in the pool water from various pools smell of the bucket bucket without pee water from the source of the pools pee in the bucket

(Variables and Controls)
Notes SPI 0707.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Science I can… Design a simple experimental procedure with an identified control and appropriate variables. ** If you were absent yesterday please grab a copy of the notes from the Tuesday folder**

1668: Francesco Redi noticed flies on meat before maggots appeared.
Forming a Hypothesis 1668: Francesco Redi noticed flies on meat before maggots appeared.

Maggots come from flies.
Forming a Hypothesis Hypothesis Maggots come from flies.

Is this hypothesis testable?
Forming a Hypothesis Is this hypothesis testable?

Groups Comparison. The CONTROL group tests normal conditions.
The EXPERIMENTAL group(s) tests hypothesis.

Groups Redi’s Experiment CONTROL Group: Meat is open to the air.
EXPERIMENTAL Group: Meat is covered with netting.

Forming a hypothesis Group time
The next step is to form a hypothesis. Brain storm with your neighbors about what your hypothesis could be. Think about the question we are attempting to answer. Remember to use an “If …Then” statement. Experiment In this section you will describe how you are going to test your hypothesis List of materials Make a list of all of the materials that you will be using to conduct your experiment ***ALSO: Finish up your research if you need to State your purpose if you have not done so

Variables VARIABLE: Anything you can test.
You can only test ONE variable per experimental group.

Variables Contact with flies Kind of meat Amount of meat Location
VARIABLE: Anything you can test. Any detail of an experiment: Temperature How long you run it Color Appearance of Maggots Contact with flies Kind of meat Amount of meat Location

REDI’S EXPERIMENT Jars Meat Location Temperature Time
CONSTANT VARIABLES Jars Meat Location Temperature Time

An Independent Variable
SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Notes Science Independent Variables In an experiment… …you should only test for ONE key thing at a time When you repeat the experiment… …only change this ONE key thing This one thing is called… An Independent Variable Also know as….the manipulated variable

Dependent Variables

Also called "Responding Variable"
What is a Dependent Variable? Often called the "responding variable" because it is the response to the previously introduced independent variable. …is the result that you observe after you introduce the independent variable. In other words, first you introduce the independent variable, and then you observe the response which is called the… Dependent Variable Also called "Responding Variable"

Example: A scientist is conducting an experiment to test how
sunlight affects plant growth. She places one corn plant 1 meter away from a sunlamp. She places one corn plant 2 meters away from a sunlamp. She places one corn plant 3 meters away from a sunlamp. Corn plant 01 Corn plant 02 Corn plant 03 The independent variable is the distance from the sunlamp What is the dependent (responding) variable in this example? Hint: What is the response to the distance from the sunlamp? Dependent variable is the plant growth

Example: A student conducts an experiment. He uses three types
of sour candy. He gives one piece of candy to each participant and records their facial expressions to estimate how sour each candy is. The independent variable is the type of sour candy What is a dependent (responding) variable in this example? Hint: What is the response to the different types of candy? Dependent variable is their reaction (facial expressions)

Example: A student uses three types of Elmer’s glue to determine
which type has the strongest bond when gluing two pieces of writing paper together. She places 2 grams of glue on each sheet and then measures how much force it takes to pull them apart. Liquid-washable Glue Stick-washable Glue Stick-nonwashable Trial 02 Trial 01 Trial 03 The independent variable is the type of glue What is the dependent (responding) variable in this example? Hint: What is the result from using the different types of glue? Dependent variable-how much force to pull apart the paper

(Independent Variables)
SPI 0807.Inq.1A (Independent Variables) Questions Science Here is an example of a question you might see on a quiz or test.

SPI 0807.Inq.1B Dependent Variables Questions Science

Constants in Experiments constants are not they same as controls
These are things in an experiment that remain exactly the same each time you repeat the experiment. What is a constant? Chewing Gum Experiment Question: Which flavor of gum lasts the longest? Give ten 8th grade students one piece of gum. Each piece of gum will have a mass of 3 grams. Have them chew it for ten minutes. Constants in this experiment: (stay the same each time) All students are 8th graders. Use the same ten students each time. Mass of each piece is the same. Time (10 minutes) is the same.

Experimental Variables
All other variables during an experiment that are NOT the dependent or independent variables, you MUST keep the same between control and experimental groups CONSTANT Variables Everything that is the same between groups

What Are Control Experiments?
Also called controls and/or control groups …an experiment to verify the results of another experiment using the same conditions except for one factor or variable. How to do a control experiment: Just remove the independent variable entirely or replace it with a neutral independent variable. Video Link (7 min 34 sec): Controls, Variables, and Constants …An experiment separated from the main experiment where the independent variable being tested cannot influence the results. (Controls mentioned from 1 min 52 mark to 7 min 10 sec mark)

Experiment Notes Control Experiment (Fruity Pebbles Example)
SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Notes Science (Fruity Pebbles Example) Experiment Does eating a sugary cereal make children hyperactive? Every day for a week have 3 children eat a bowl of Fruity Pebbles. Then observe their energy level for the next two hours. Manipulated/Ind Variable: -the cereal Responding/Dep Variable: -their behavior This is called the experimental group Next do a control experiment/control group (see next slide)

Notes Experiment Control Experiment (Fruity Pebbles Example)
SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Notes Science (Fruity Pebbles Example) Experiment Does eating a sugary cereal make children hyperactive? Every day for a week have 3 children eat a bowl of Fruity Pebbles. Then observe their energy level for the next two hours. Manipulated/Ind Variable: -the Cereal Responding/Dep Variable: -their behavior Do a control experiment by removing the independent variable entirely to neutralize its affect. Option 01: Repeat this experiment exactly except this time don't give the children any cereal at all. Option 02: Repeat this experiment exactly but give them a bowl of cereal that does not contain any sugar.

Example: A scientist is conducting an experiment to test how
sunlight affects plant growth. She places one corn plant 1 meter away from a sunlamp. She places one corn plant 2 meters away from a sunlamp. She places one corn plant 3 meters away from a sunlamp. The independent variable is the distance from the sunlamp Corn plant 01 Corn plant 02 Corn plant 03 Do a control experiment by removing the independent variable entirely to neutralize its affect. control experiment-place one other corn plant in a dark room

Notes Experiment Control Experiment (Energy Drink Example)
SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Notes Science (Energy Drink Example) Experiment If you consume an energy drink before running will it enable you to run faster? On 3 different days at the track, consume one can of energy drink. (Day 1: Monster, Day 2: Red Bull, Day 3: Rock Star) Then run 30 meters as fast as you can. Record the time it takes you to run that distance. Manipulated/Ind Variable: -type of energy drinks Responding/Dep Variable: -how fast you run This is the experimental group Next do a control experiment (see next slide)

Notes Experiment Control Experiment (Energy Drink Example)
SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Notes Science (Energy Drink Example) Experiment If you consume an energy drink before running will it enable you to run faster? On 3 different days at the track, consume one can of energy drink. (Day 1: Monster, Day 2: Red Bull, Day 3: Rock Star) Then run 30 meters as fast as you can. Record the time it takes you to run that distance. Manipulated/Ind Variable: -type of energy drinks Responding/Dep Variable: -how fast you run Do a control experiment by removing the independent variable entirely to neutralize its affect. control experiment- run at least one time without an energy drink or have a glass of water instead.

What are the constants in this experiment?

Science Questions What are the constants SPI 0807.Inq.1C
in this experiment? SPI 0807.Inq.1C Controls Questions Science

To do now Identify your control groups Identify your experimental groups Identify your variables to be controlled(control variables) Physical set up- describe how you would set up this experiment.

Science Starter

Come in and find your seat
Make sure you have your pretest answer sheet and bubble sheet. Fill out until number 35 or the end of part 1

ANALYZE RESULTS It is important to be able to analyze results during research and after the experiment.

Notes Science SPI 0807.Inq.3: (Interpret Data)
Mandatory Task (Tennessee Requirement) SPI 0807.Inq.3-Interpret and translate data into a table, graph, or diagram. Data Interpretation(analyze results): 4 Steps (Summarized Version) Step 1: Carefully examine it. Step 2: Look for patterns/trends Step 3: Figure out what the question is asking. Step 4: Find the answer (may be in the pattern/trend)

What do you notice when you examine this table?
SPI 0807.Inq.3: (Interpret Data) Notes Science (1) Closely examine the table, graph, or diagram What do you notice when you examine this table? City X Avg Temp City Y Avg Temp 12 months Avg monthly temp (in Celsius)

(2) Look for patterns in the way the data is organized and displayed What patterns do you see with this data? January February City Y-Lowest temps (coldest) are also Dec, Jan and Feb City X-Lowest temps (coldest) are Dec, Jan and Feb December

(2) Look for patterns in the way the data is organized and displayed What other patterns do you see with this data? June, July, and Aug are the highest temps (hottest) for both cities June July August

(2) Look for patterns in the way the data is organized and displayed For both cities the lowest temps happen in the coldest winter months For both cities the highest temps happen in the hottest summer months Also for both cities moderate temps temps occur in spring and fall January February Spring June July August Fall December

(2) Look for patterns in the way the data is organized and displayed Are there any other things that you notice? Look at the temps of these two cites… …which city is generally warmer? City X is cooler City Y is warmer

(3) Read over the question and determine specifically what it is asking There is nothing in the table about wind speed. So letter A probably is not the right answer

(3) Read over the question and determine specifically what it is asking There is nothing in the table about humidity So letter B probably is not the right answer

(3) Read over the question and determine specifically what it is asking There is nothing in the table about rainfall So letter D probably is not the right answer

(3) Read over the question and determine specifically what it is asking Cities on the equator are closer to the sun, so these cities are generally hotter than cities in other areas of our planet So letter C is the correct answer. City X is generally colder than City Y, so it is logical to assume that City X is further from the equator

Different types of charts, tables, and graphs
SPI 0807.Inq.3: (Interpret Data) Notes Science Different types of charts, tables, and graphs Tables Tables/charts are used to organize exact amounts of data and to display numerical information. Tables do not show visual comparisons.

SPI 0807.Inq.3: (Interpret Data) Notes Science Different types of charts, tables, and graphs Pie Charts A pie chart is a circular chart divided into sectors Best used for comparing parts to a whole The total amount should equal 100% Works well for comparing 6 or fewer items, but more than six items becomes difficult to view and interpret

SPI 0807.Inq.3: (Interpret Data) Notes Science Pie Charts: Examples

SPI 0807.Inq.3: (Interpret Data) Notes Science Different types of charts, tables, and graphs Bar Graph Bar graphs are used to compare facts. The bars provide a visual display for comparing quantities in different categories Bar graphs help us to see relationships quickly.

Notes Science SPI 0807.Inq.3: Bar Graph: Example (Interpret Data)
Example: A survey of student's favorite after-school activities was conducted at school The table shows the results Note: Since the data is not changing over time, a line graph would not be best for displaying this data. A bar graph is better.

SPI 0807.Inq.3: (Interpret Data) Notes Science Different types of charts, tables, and graphs Line Graph Line graphs are used to display data or information that changes continuously over time. Line graphs allow us to see overall trends such as an increase or decrease in data over time.

SPI 0807.Inq.3: (Interpret Data) Notes Line Graph: Example Science

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)
Tuesday Science Stater 9/1/15 a. Car W has fuel efficiency worse than car Y, but is better than car Z. b. Car Z has fuel efficiency worse than car Y, but is better than car W c. Car Y has the worst fuel efficiency d. Car X has the best fuel efficiency The fuel efficiency of four different cars is shown in the table below. Cars that burn fewer gallons of gasoline per mile are more fuel efficient. Understanding this fact, which answer choice below best matches the data in the table. Fuel Efficiency Data Car Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon) W 21 X 29 Y 16 Z 42

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