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The Louisiana Purchase
Chapter 11, Lesson 1
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The Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson is the third president. Northwest Territory shipped their goods down the Mississippi River. Napoleon Bonaparte (French Leader) wanted to establish French Power in the U.S. Sold all of “Louisiana” for 15 million to support the French war with Britain. Louisiana Purchase: April 30, 1803 *Jefferson worried that people would not stay loyal to the government if they could not ship goods. * Spain had given Louisiana back to France.
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The Louisiana Purchase
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Lewis and Clark Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the Louisiana Purchase – Northern Portion. Called the “Corps of Discovery”. Traveled up the Missouri River and the Rockies to explore. Traveled 3000 miles, more than a year of exploring, reached the Pacific Ocean. *Lewis was an army officer and Clark a brother of a Revolutionary war hero and friend of Lewis. *Put together a group of 30 soldiers. *Brought back seeds, plants and living animals. *Were called pathfinders because they found their way through an unknown region.
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Lewis and Clark
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The Pike Expedition Captain Zebuloun Pike explored the Southwestern part of the LP. Saw a “Blue Mountain” which was later called Pikes Peak. Traveled into Spanish Territory and were put in jail for trespassing. Pike was released but saw that Santa Fe (Spanish Territory) needed goods. Traders headed for NM. *Wandered out of the LP. *Spanish Soldiers captured and took them to Santa Fe. *Pike was asked if the U.S was going to invade. He said no, and they were released months later.
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The Pike Expedition * Pikes Peak is located in Colorado, near Colorado Springs.
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The War of 1812 Chapter 11, Lesson 2
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War Fever British did not like that Americans were trading with French and other Europeans. Impressment occurred. War hawks thought it would be a good idea to declare war on Britain for Canada. Declare war on Spain for Florida. James Madison asked congress to declare war on Britain. *Americans were forced of their ships by the British. *Impressment is when workers are taken against their will.
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War Fever August 19th, 1812 the war ship “Constitution” fought the “Guerriere” off the coast of Nova Scotia and won. September 10th, Battle of Lake Erie *Turning Point in the War *4,500 soldiers crossed Lake Erie to Canada. October 5th, Battle of Thames *Beat British and Indian allies. *The British ship was in bad shape, but the American ship stood strong. It took the name “Old Ironsides” after the battle. *Guerriere (pronunciation GAIR-YAIR) *Thames (pronunciation TEMZ)
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War Fever
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British Raids August British Soldiers march towards Washington D.C. First Lady Dolley Madison left Washington fearing her life. British burned the White House, The Capitol and the Library of Congress. “Star Spangled Banner” written by Francis Scott Key was inspired by the attack at Fort McHenry. *Star Spangled Banner became our National Anthem.
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British Raids General Jackson heard of attack in New Orleans from the British. 10 day siege at NO- finally forced the British out. Later it was learned that the Battle at New Orleans did not have to happen. A peace treaty was signed two weeks earlier.
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British Raids
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Star Spangled Banner The star spangled banner was written for the battle at Fort McHenry.
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The Era of Good Feelings
Nationalism spread of the U.S. James Monroe (5th President) created a new boundary line for U.S/British Canada. Spain gave up Florida & was annexed to the U.S. December 2nd, 1823: Monroe Doctrine was created- closed any future colonization of European Colonists. *No one technically won the war of **Ask students why they think no one officially “won”.
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The Era of Good Feelings
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The Age of Jackson Chapter 11, Lesson 3
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Democracy Grows Voting was once only allowed to property owners but now given to white men as well. People began voting for men that were not public officials. Davy Crockett was elected for office and won a seat in the HOR. *No other country in the world was so Democratic- women and African Americans were not included in this. *Men with little schooling and money were being elected.
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Democracy Grows
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The Election of Andrew Jackson
March 14th, Andrew Jackson was elected as 6th president. First election that all white men could vote. “Jacksonian Democracy”- he was tough and stubborn. He thought ALL citizens should play a more active role in our government. *Was from a Western State.
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The Election of Andrew Jackson
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Indian Removal Harsh and unfair treatment for Native Americans.
1830- Indian Removal Act Black Hawk War- Indians vs. Americans. Cherokee’s fought in the courts. 1838- federal troops forced the last of the Cherokees out of their land. Trail of Tears: 4,000 Cherokees died of cold, disease and lack of food. *All Indians east of the Mississippi had to leave their land. *Chief Black Hawk stood for their rights/land. *Colonists found gold on Cherokee land.
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Indian Removal
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From Ocean to Ocean Chapter 11, Lesson 4
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Americans in Early Texas
1821- Stephen F. Austin started the first American Colony in Texas/ Mexico wins Independence. 1830-law was passed that stopped Americans from settling in Texas, current settlers had to follow Mexican rule and pay taxes. 1834 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna becomes dictator of Mexico. *Stephen’s father Moses Austin, had initially asked the Spanish leaders to settle there. It was accepted but Moses died before he could carry it out. *Santa Anna enforced laws that made both the Mexicans and Americans angry.
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Americans in Early Texas
December Mexican troops are led into Texas to fight against revolts on Santa Anna. Santa Anna comes to take back the city. Texans take shelter at the Alamo. Feb 23- March 6, 1836 the Alamo was attacked and then fell. Texans and their supporters were killed (189). April 21, The Battle of San Jacinto- Texas army surprise attacks the Mexican army and captures Santa Anna. “Remember the Alamo” *After four days of fighting the troops gave up. *Alamo is a Spanish Mission center. *Only women and children survived the attack at the Alamo.
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Americans in Early Texas
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Americans in Early Texas
Santa Anna’s life was spared Texas was granted independence. Remained an independent republic until 1845.
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Trails West Santa Fe Trail- was used to travel west. Missouri to New Mexico. Old Spanish Trail- new part- > Santa Fe, NM to Los Angeles, CA. Oregon Trail- more that 2,000 miles long. Began in Missouri North across the Rocky Mountains. President James Polk set up a division of Oregon and British territory in 1846. *Oregon trail could take up to 6 months to travel. Many died of hardships during that time.
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Trails West
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Mormons Settle Utah Mormons and their Leader Joseph Smith settled in Nauvoo, Illinois. Beliefs angered others and Smith was killed by angry crowd. Brigham Young (new leader) brought followers to Utah- the Great Basin. Began irrigating land made it suitable for farming. Other people began settling there. *Didn’t think anyone else would want to settle there.
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Mormons Settle Utah
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War with Mexico U.S and Mexico did not agree on where the border was between Texas and Mexico. 1847- U.S. invades Mexico. Mexico City is captured and after a year of fighting the U.S wins. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed in 1848. Mexican Cession: included CA, NV, and UT as well as parts of AZ, CO, NM and WY. Mexico was paid 15 million.
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California Gold Rush Gold was found in California while building a water-wheel. Gold Rush began and more that 80,000 seekers arrived to find riches. Gold seekers were called the forty-niners because they arrived in the year of 1849. California grew to a population of 100,000 people at the end of 1849. *Some forty-niners struck it rich but many did not.
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California Gold Rush
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The Industrial Revolution
Chapter 11, Lesson 5
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New Roads Congress voted to build a road in Ohio.
National Road was build with stone and tar. Went from Ohio to Illinois. By 1860, there was more than 88,000 miles of road. Roads were beneficial for travel and carrying goods.
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New Roads
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Canal Building Boats and barges could carry large loads of supplies.
Erie Canal in NY was an important canal that was built. “Grand Canal” was built to ship goods to the Great Lakes region. 3,000 Irish Immigrants came for jobs building the canal. It took 8 years to build and set off a canal building boom! *Grand Canal was paid for by an investor that gives money to yield a profit.
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Canal Building
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Steamboats and Railroads
Steam Engine: was used to power a boat. Bigger and better boats were created as time progressed. The benefit of the steam engine was that cargo and passengers could get to a destination faster.
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Steamboats and Railroads
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Steamboats and Railroads
Steam engine was also used to power “locomotives” or railroads. Previously, railroad cars were pulled by horses. Railroads made it easier and cheaper to move the raw materials and heavy loads to different regions of the United States. Manufacturing grew as the railroads did.
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Growth in Manufacturing
Samuel Slater and Moses Brown started the first U.S. spinning mill. Waterwheels powered the machines in the mills, later steam engines did the work. People began working in the factories instead of staying home. Thread machines could spin up to 120 threads a minute. *Slater had worked in Britain and memorized how to create the machine for spinning thread and weaving textiles. *People running the machines were women, children and immigrants.
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Growth in Manufacturing
Interchangeable parts: parts that were exactly alike. Anyone could put together machine made parts. Mass production was a system of producing large amounts of good at one time. This made supply of goods available quickly. This resulted in items becoming cheaper.
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Growth in Manufacturing
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Inventions Bring Change
Cotton Gin: removed seeds from cotton fibers. In turn, plantations could grow more cotton. More slaves were needed to work in the fields. Supply & Demand: *when supply of a product goes up the price of the product goes down and the demand for the product can rise because it costs less. *When the product becomes too expensive the demand will go down and the price wil lfall.
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Inventions Bring Change
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